Løkke F B, Hansen K S, Dalgaard L S, Öbrink-Hansen K, Schiøttz-Christensen B, Leth S
Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Infect Dis Now. 2023 Oct;53(8):104779. doi: 10.1016/j.idnow.2023.104779. Epub 2023 Sep 9.
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected millions of people worldwide, and while the mortality rate remains the primary concern, it is becoming increasingly apparent that many COVID-19 survivors experience long-term sequelae, representing a major concern for both themselves and healthcare providers. Comparing long-term sequelae following COVID-19 to those of other respiratory viruses such as influenza, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-1 is an essential step toward understanding the extent and impact of these sequelae. A literature search was carried out using the PubMed. database. Search-terms included "persistent", "long-term", "chronic", and MeSH-terms for SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and Influenza. Only English-language articles were selected. Articles were screened by title/abstract and full-text readings. Key points for comparison were persistent symptoms > 4 weeks, virus type, study design, population size, admission status, methods, and findings. Thirty-one articles were included: 19 on SARS-CoV-1, 10 on influenza, and 2 on MERS-CoV-survivors. Damage to the respiratory system was the main long-term manifestation after the acute phase of infection. Quality of life-related and psychological sequelae were the second and third most widely reported symptoms, respectively. Consistent with long-term sequelae from COVID-19, persisting cardiovascular, neurological, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal impairments were also reported. In summary, the long-term sequelae following COVID-19 are a significant concern, and while long-term sequelae following influenza, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-1 have also been reported, their prevalence and severity are less clear. It is essential to continue to study and monitor the long-term effects of all respiratory viruses so as to improve our understanding and develop strategies for prevention and treatment.
新冠疫情已影响全球数百万人，虽然死亡率仍是主要关注点，但越来越明显的是，许多新冠幸存者会经历长期后遗症，这对他们自身和医疗服务提供者来说都是重大问题。将新冠后的长期后遗症与其他呼吸道病毒（如流感、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒和严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒1型）的后遗症进行比较，是了解这些后遗症的程度和影响的关键一步。使用PubMed数据库进行了文献检索。检索词包括“持续的”“长期的”“慢性的”以及严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒1型、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒和流感的医学主题词。仅选择英文文章。通过标题/摘要和全文阅读对文章进行筛选。比较的关键点包括持续症状超过4周、病毒类型、研究设计、人群规模、入院状态、方法和研究结果。共纳入31篇文章：19篇关于严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒1型，10篇关于流感，2篇关于中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒幸存者。呼吸系统损伤是感染急性期后的主要长期表现。与生活质量相关的后遗症和心理后遗症分别是报告第二和第三多的症状。与新冠后的长期后遗症一致，也有心血管、神经、肌肉骨骼、胃肠道持续损伤的报告。总之，新冠后的长期后遗症是一个重大问题，虽然流感、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒和严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒1型后的长期后遗症也有报告，但其患病率和严重程度尚不清楚。继续研究和监测所有呼吸道病毒的长期影响，对于增进我们的了解并制定预防和治疗策略至关重要。
