Department of Sociology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America.
Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2023 Apr 19;18(4):e0283641. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283641. eCollection 2023.
Prior research has established the greater exposure of African Americans from all income groups to disadvantaged environments compared to whites, but the traditional focus in studies of neighborhood stratification obscures heterogeneity within racial/ethnic groups in residential attainment over time. Also obscured are the moderating influences of broader social changes on the life-course and the experiences of Latinos, a large and growing presence in American cities. We address these issues by examining group-based trajectory models of residential neighborhood disadvantage among white, Black, and Latino individuals in a multi-cohort longitudinal research design of over 1,000 children from Chicago as they transitioned to adulthood over the last quarter century. We find considerable temporal consistency among white individuals compared to dynamic heterogeneity among nonwhite individuals in exposure to residential disadvantage, especially Black individuals and those born in the 1980s compared to the 1990s. Racial and cohort differences are not accounted for by early-life characteristics that predict long-term attainment. Inequalities by race in trajectories of neighborhood disadvantage are thus at once more stable and more dynamic than previous research suggests, and they are modified by broader social changes. These findings offer insights on the changing pathways by which neighborhood racial inequality is produced.
先前的研究已经证实，与白人相比，所有收入群体的非裔美国人更多地暴露在不利的环境中，但在邻里分层的研究中，传统的重点掩盖了不同种族/族裔群体在居住方面随时间变化的异质性。在生活过程中，更广泛的社会变化对拉丁裔的影响以及拉丁裔的经历也被掩盖了，拉丁裔是美国城市中一个庞大且不断增长的存在。我们通过检查基于群体的轨迹模型来解决这些问题，该模型研究了在一个多队列的纵向研究设计中，1000 多名来自芝加哥的儿童在过去四分之一个世纪过渡到成年期期间，白人、黑人以及拉丁裔个体在居住环境劣势方面的轨迹。与非白人个体相比，我们发现白人个体在暴露于居住劣势方面存在相当大的时间一致性，而后者表现出动态异质性，尤其是黑人个体和那些出生于 20 世纪 80 年代的个体与 90 年代的个体相比。种族和队列差异不能用预测长期获得的早期生活特征来解释。因此，与先前的研究相比，邻里劣势轨迹中的种族不平等既更加稳定，又更加动态，并且受到更广泛的社会变化的影响。这些发现为邻里种族不平等产生的变化途径提供了新的见解。
