Qin Banghui, Hu Zhiqing, Liu Wuqianhui, Sun Yanjun, Wang Yiping, Zhang Huiying, Yang Fan, He Yuan
Institute of Medical Humanities, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China.
School of Marxism, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China.
Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2023 Apr 12;16:711-723. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S404478. eCollection 2023.
This study aimed to explore the levels of anxiety and depression in a sample of home-quarantined college students to identify the risk factors for psychological distress during the COVID-19 lockdown.
A total of 1156 college students studying in Jiangsu, China, participated from August 5 to August 14. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data anonymously, including demographic characteristics, the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire, the patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), a physical activity scale, and items related to COVID-19. The chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were employed to establish the differences in levels of anxiety and depression across sociodemographic characteristics. Binary logistic regression was applied to measure the predictors of levels of anxiety and depression, and associations were considered significant at p <0.05.
The estimates of anxiety and depression were 48.1% and 57.6%, respectively. The univariate analysis indicated a significant difference in anxiety levels across student grades, whether the student was an only child, the distance from the worst-hit areas, and physical activity/exercise intensity. Physical activity intensity and living in communities with infected people were statistically correlated with the level of depression. Binary logistic regression results indicated that the predictive factors for anxiety were living within a short distance from the worst-hit areas (10~20 km), engaging in higher education (graduate students), and low-intensity daily exercise. Factors statistically predicting depression symptoms were having siblings, a COVID-19 diagnosis in the community and low-intensity daily exercise.
During outbreaks, students in an extremely stressful state are more likely to develop anxiety and depression, particularly postgraduates. Psychological interventions to reduce fears and encourage exercise should be available to home-quarantined college students. Students who live in the worst-hit areas and are not the only child in the family should be prioritized.
本研究旨在探讨居家隔离大学生的焦虑和抑郁水平，以确定新冠疫情封锁期间心理困扰的风险因素。
共有1156名在中国江苏就读的大学生于8月5日至8月14日参与研究。采用结构化问卷匿名收集数据，包括人口统计学特征、广泛性焦虑障碍量表（GAD-7）、患者健康问卷（PHQ-9）、身体活动量表以及与新冠疫情相关的项目。运用卡方检验和Fisher精确检验来确定不同社会人口学特征的焦虑和抑郁水平差异。采用二元逻辑回归分析焦虑和抑郁水平的预测因素，p<0.05时认为具有显著相关性。
焦虑和抑郁的估计发生率分别为48.1%和57.6%。单因素分析表明，学生年级、是否为独生子女、与疫情重灾区的距离以及身体活动/锻炼强度等因素在焦虑水平上存在显著差异。身体活动强度和与感染者居住在同一社区与抑郁水平具有统计学相关性。二元逻辑回归结果表明，焦虑的预测因素包括居住在距离疫情重灾区较近（10~20公里）、接受高等教育（研究生）以及低强度日常锻炼。抑郁症状的统计学预测因素包括有兄弟姐妹、社区内有新冠确诊病例以及低强度日常锻炼。
在疫情爆发期间，处于极度压力状态的学生更容易出现焦虑和抑郁，尤其是研究生。应向居家隔离的大学生提供减轻恐惧和鼓励锻炼的心理干预措施。居住在疫情重灾区且非独生子女的学生应优先得到关注。
