Jerez-Bogota Kevin, Jensen Martin, Højberg Ole, Cormican Paul, Lawlor Peadar G, Gardiner Gillian E, Canibe Nuria
Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark.
Front Vet Sci. 2023 Apr 3;10:1095160. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1095160. eCollection 2023.
Antibiotics and zinc oxide restrictions encourage the search for alternatives to combat intestinal pathogens, including enterotoxigenic (ETEC), a major cause of postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs. PWD causes important economic losses for conventional and organic farming. This study investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with garlic and apple pomace or blackcurrant on infection indicators and the fecal microbiota of organic-raised piglets challenged with ETEC-F18. For 21 days, 32 piglets (7-weeks-old) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: non-challenge (NC); ETEC-challenged (PC); ETEC-challenged receiving garlic and apple pomace (3 + 3%; GA); ETEC-challenged receiving garlic and blackcurrant (3 + 3%; GB). ETEC-F18 was administered (8 mL; 10 CFU/ml) on days 1 and 2 postweaning. The 1st week, PC had lower average daily gain than those in the NC, GA, and GB groups ( < 0.05). NC pigs showed neither ETEC-F18 shedding nor signs of diarrhea. The PC group had higher diarrhea incidence and lower fecal dry matter than NC (≈5-10 days; 95% sEBCI). The GA and GB groups showed reduced ETEC-F18 and gene shedding, higher fecal dry matter, and lower diarrhea incidence than the PC (≈5-9 days; 95% sEBCI). The NC, GA, and GB had normal hematology values during most of the study, whereas the PC had increased ( < 0.05) red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit on day 7. Haptoglobin and pig-MAP increased in all groups, peaking on day 7, but PC showed the greatest increase ( < 0.05). The fecal microbiota of PC pigs had reduced α-diversity (day 7; < 0.05) and higher volatility (days 3-14; < 0.05). , and were more abundant in the PC than in the NC, GB, and GA groups (logFC > 2; < 0.05), whereas , and were more abundant in the NC, GB, and GA than in the PC group (logFC > 2; < 0.05). and were more abundant in the GB group (logFC > 2, < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of GA and GB limited ETEC proliferation, reduced PWD, and beneficially impacted the fecal microbiota's diversity, composition, and stability.
抗生素和氧化锌限制措施促使人们寻找对抗肠道病原体的替代方法，其中包括产肠毒素大肠杆菌（ETEC），它是仔猪断奶后腹泻（PWD）的主要病因。PWD给传统养殖和有机养殖带来了重大经济损失。本研究调查了在有机饲养的仔猪中，日粮添加大蒜和苹果渣或黑加仑对感染指标及受ETEC-F18攻击后粪便微生物群的影响。32头7周龄仔猪随机分为四组，每组21天：非攻击组（NC）；ETEC攻击组（PC）；ETEC攻击并接受大蒜和苹果渣（3%+3%；GA）组；ETEC攻击并接受大蒜和黑加仑（3%+3%；GB）组。断奶后第1天和第2天给予ETEC-F18（8毫升；10CFU/毫升）。第1周，PC组的平均日增重低于NC、GA和GB组（P<0.05）。NC组仔猪既未出现ETEC-F18排菌，也无腹泻迹象。PC组腹泻发病率更高，粪便干物质含量低于NC组（约5-10天；95%标准误差置信区间）。GA组和GB组的ETEC-F18和stx基因排菌减少，粪便干物质含量更高，腹泻发病率低于PC组（约5-9天；95%标准误差置信区间）。在研究的大部分时间里，NC、GA和GB组的血液学指标正常，而PC组在第7天红细胞、血红蛋白和血细胞比容增加（P<0.05）。所有组的触珠蛋白和猪巨噬细胞活化蛋白均增加，在第7天达到峰值，但PC组增加幅度最大（P<0.05）。PC组仔猪粪便微生物群的α多样性降低（第7天；P<0.05），波动性更高（第3-14天；P<0.05）。PC组中的大肠杆菌、志贺氏菌和弯曲杆菌比NC、GB和GA组更丰富（logFC>2；P<0.05），而NC、GB和GA组中的双歧杆菌、丁酸弧菌和罗氏菌比PC组更丰富（logFC>2；P<0.05）。GB组中的拟杆菌和瘤胃球菌更丰富（logFC>2，P<0.05）。总之，日粮添加GA和GB可限制ETEC增殖，减少PWD，并对粪便微生物群的多样性、组成和稳定性产生有益影响。
