Duarte Marcos Elias, Garavito-Duarte Yesid, Kim Sung Woo
Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Sep 2;13(17):2791. doi: 10.3390/ani13172791.
This review focused on the impact of F18 on pig production and explored nutritional interventions to mitigate its deleterious effects. F18 is a primary cause of PWD in nursery pigs, resulting in substantial economic losses through diminished feed efficiency, morbidity, and mortality. In summary, the F18 induces intestinal inflammation with elevated IL6 (60%), IL8 (43%), and TNF-α (28%), disrupting the microbiota and resulting in 14% villus height reduction. Besides the mortality, the compromised intestinal health results in a 20% G:F decrease and a 10% ADFI reduction, ultimately culminating in a 28% ADG decrease. Among nutritional interventions to counter F18 impacts, zinc glycinate lowered TNF-α (26%) and protein carbonyl (45%) in jejunal mucosa, resulting in a 39% ADG increase. Lactic acid bacteria reduced TNF-α (36%), increasing 51% ADG, whereas spp. reduced IL6 (27%), increasing BW (12%). postbiotic increased BW (14%) and the diversity of beneficial bacteria. Phytobiotics reduced TNF-α (23%) and IL6 (21%), enhancing feed efficiency (37%). Additional interventions, including low crude protein formulation, antibacterial minerals, prebiotics, and organic acids, can be effectively used to combat F18 infection. These findings collectively underscore a range of effective strategies for managing the challenges posed by F18 in pig production.
本综述聚焦于F18对生猪生产的影响,并探索了减轻其有害影响的营养干预措施。F18是保育猪断奶后腹泻(PWD)的主要病因,通过降低饲料效率、增加发病率和死亡率造成巨大经济损失。综上所述,F18会引发肠道炎症,使白细胞介素6(IL6,升高60%)、白细胞介素8(IL8,升高43%)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α,升高28%)水平升高,破坏微生物群,导致绒毛高度降低14%。除死亡率外,肠道健康受损还会导致生长育肥比(G:F)降低20%,日均采食量(ADFI)降低10%,最终使平均日增重(ADG)降低28%。在应对F18影响的营养干预措施中,甘氨酸锌可降低空肠黏膜中TNF-α(降低26%)和蛋白质羰基(降低45%),使ADG提高39%。乳酸菌可降低TNF-α(降低36%),使ADG提高51%,而某菌可降低IL6(降低27%),使体重增加12%。后生元可使体重增加14%,并增加有益细菌的多样性。植物源生物活性物质可降低TNF-α(降低23%)和IL6(降低21%),提高饲料效率37%。其他干预措施,包括低粗蛋白配方、抗菌矿物质、益生元及有机酸等,可有效用于对抗F18感染。这些研究结果共同强调了一系列有效策略,以应对F18给生猪生产带来的挑战。