College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Lahore School of Economics, Lahore, Pakistan.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Jul 15;882:163504. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163504. Epub 2023 Apr 18.
Carcinogenic hazards to human health were investigated through oral and dermal exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from water samples (n = 120) of River Chenab, Pakistan. The Pioneering study aimed to employ an integrated geographic information system (GIS) based geostatistical method for the determination of pollution load by GC-ECD from water of River Chenab. The residual levels of OCPs detected from water samples ranged from 0.54 to 122 ng L with significant prevalence of DDE and α-HCH. Results of the Nemerrow pollution index (NeI), single pollution index (SPI), and comprehensive pollution index (CPI) reflected the downstream zone a stern pollution risk zone. The spatial distribution pattern through geostatistical approaches also revealed significantly higher (p < 0.05) OCP levels in the downstream zone. Risk quotient (RQ) of surface water quality with respect to heptachlor epitomized a high level of risk (RQ > 1). Non-carcinogenic human health risk (Σ HQ) assessment ranged from 8.39 × 10 to 1.7 × 10, which represented a marginal risk through oral and dermal exposure. However, carcinogenic risks by oral exposure route were ranged from 3.57 × 10 to 4.46 × 10. Estimated cancer risk (ΣCR) exhibited a considerable carcinogenic risk posed by heptachlor, α-HCH and dieldrin. It is suggested to employ an immediate mitigation strategy for the constant discharge of OCPs in the studied area.
本研究通过对巴基斯坦奇纳布河（River Chenab）水样（n=120）进行口服和皮肤接触，调查了有机氯农药（OCPs）对人类健康的致癌危害。该开创性研究旨在采用基于 GIS 的综合地统计学方法，通过 GC-ECD 对奇纳布河水中的污染负荷进行测定。从水样中检测到的 OCP 残留水平范围为 0.54 至 122ng/L，其中 DDE 和 α-HCH 的检出率较高。内梅罗污染指数（Nemerrow pollution index，NeI）、单因子污染指数（single pollution index，SPI）和综合污染指数（comprehensive pollution index，CPI）的结果表明，下游区域存在严重的污染风险。通过地统计学方法得出的空间分布模式也表明，下游区域的 OCP 水平显著更高（p<0.05）。就七氯环氧化物而言，地表水质量风险商（risk quotient，RQ）表示存在高风险（RQ>1）。非致癌人体健康风险（ΣHQ）评估范围为 8.39×10至 1.7×10，这代表了通过口服和皮肤接触途径产生的轻微风险。然而，通过口服暴露途径产生的致癌风险范围为 3.57×10至 4.46×10。估计的癌症风险（ΣCR）显示，七氯、α-HCH 和狄氏剂具有相当大的致癌风险。建议在研究区域采取立即缓解策略，以减少 OCPs 的持续排放。
