Hospital San Vicente de Paúl, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed). 2023 Jan-Mar;52(1):65-72. doi: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.02.007.
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has genetic and environmental aetiological factors. There are few publications on the environmental factors. The objective of this review is to present the role of psychosocial adversity in the aetiology and course of ADHD.
A search was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, ClinicalKey, EMBASE, Lilacs, OVID, APA and PsycNET. English and Spanish were selected without being limited by type of study or year of publication. Finally, a qualitative synthesis was conducted.
ADHD development could be related to exposure to adverse factors in the family, school or social environment. It has been proposed as an explanatory mechanism that adversity interacts with genetic variants and leads to neurobiological changes. There may also be a gene-environment correlation whereby individual hereditary characteristics increase the risk of exposure to adversity, and indirectly increase the probability of developing ADHD. Research on psychosocial adversity represents a big challenge, not only due to the complexity of its construct, but also to the effect of subjective perception of a given event.
ADHD aetiology is complex and involves the interaction of both genetic and environmental factors, in which these factors correlate and cause the disorder. The study of the role of psychosocial adversity in ADHD is fundamental, but it remains a task that entails great difficulties.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）有遗传和环境病因因素。关于环境因素的出版物较少。本综述的目的是介绍心理社会逆境在 ADHD 的病因和病程中的作用。
在以下数据库中进行了搜索：PubMed、ScienceDirect、SciELO、ClinicalKey、EMBASE、Lilacs、OVID、APA 和 PsycNET。选择了英语和西班牙语，而不受研究类型或出版年份的限制。最后进行了定性综合。
ADHD 的发展可能与家庭、学校或社会环境中接触不良因素有关。有人提出，逆境与遗传变异相互作用并导致神经生物学变化，这可能是一种解释机制。也可能存在基因-环境相关性，即个体遗传特征增加了接触逆境的风险，间接增加了患 ADHD 的可能性。心理社会逆境的研究是一个巨大的挑战，不仅因为其构建的复杂性，还因为对特定事件的主观感知的影响。
ADHD 的病因复杂，涉及遗传和环境因素的相互作用，这些因素相互关联并导致疾病的发生。研究心理社会逆境在 ADHD 中的作用是基础，但这仍然是一项艰巨的任务。
