O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Georgetown University Law Centre, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
Faculty of Law, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa.
BMJ Glob Health. 2023 Apr;8(4). doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012344.
The World Health Organisation (WHO) was inaugurated in 1948 to bring the world together to ensure the highest attainable standard of health for all. Establishing health governance under the United Nations (UN), WHO was seen as the preeminent leader in public health, promoting a healthier world following the destruction of World War II and ensuring global solidarity to prevent disease and promote health. Its constitutional function would be 'to act as the directing and coordinating authority on international health work'. Yet today, as the world commemorates WHO's 75th anniversary, it faces a historic global health crisis, with governments presenting challenges to its institutional legitimacy and authority amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. WHO governance in the coming years will define the future of the Organisation and, crucially, the health and well-being of billions of people across the globe. At this pivotal moment, WHO must learn critical lessons from its past and make fundamental reforms to become the Organisation it was meant to be. We propose reforms in WHO financing, governance, norms, human rights and equity that will lay a foundation for the next generation of global governance for health.
世界卫生组织(WHO)于 1948 年成立,旨在团结全球力量,确保所有人都能达到尽可能高的健康水平。在世卫组织成立于联合国(UN)下,被视为公共卫生的卓越领导者,在第二次世界大战的破坏后,促进更健康的世界,并确保全球团结一致,预防疾病和促进健康。其宪法职能是“作为国际卫生工作的指导和协调机构”。然而,如今,在世界纪念世卫组织成立 75 周年之际,它正面临着一场历史性的全球卫生危机,各国政府在持续的 COVID-19 大流行期间对其机构合法性和权威提出了挑战。未来几年世卫组织的治理将决定该组织的未来,以及全球数十亿人的健康和福祉。在世卫组织的这一关键时刻,它必须从过去吸取关键教训,并进行根本性改革,成为它应该成为的组织。我们提出了在世卫组织融资、治理、规范、人权和公平方面的改革建议,为下一代全球卫生治理奠定基础。