Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Department of Information Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Natural and Medical Sciences, International Burch University, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Scanning. 2023 Apr 14;2023:2223138. doi: 10.1155/2023/2223138. eCollection 2023.
Understanding the anatomy and morphological variability of the orbital region is of great importance in clinical practice, forensic medicine, and biological anthropology. Several methods are used to estimate sex based on the skeleton or parts of the skeleton: classic methods and the geometric morphometric method. The objective of this research was to analyse sex estimation of the orbital region on a sample of skulls from a Bosnian population using the geometric morphometric method.
The research was conducted on three-dimensional models of 211 human adult skulls (139 males and 72 females) from the Osteological Collection at the Faculty of Medicine in Sarajevo. The skulls were recorded using a laser scanner to obtain skull 3D models. We marked 12 landmarks on each model to analyse sexual dimorphism. Landmarks were marked using the program Landmark Editor. After marking the landmarks, we used the MorphoJ program to analyse the morphological variability between male and female orbital regions.
After Procrustes superimposition, generating a covariant matrix, and introducing sex as a variable for classification, a discriminant functional analysis (DFA) was applied which determined the estimation for males with 86.33% accuracy and for females with 88.89% based on the form of the orbital region. The results of regression analysis showed that the size of the orbital region has a statistically significant effect on its shape's sexual dimorphism. After excluding the influence of size and providing DFA, we concluded that sex estimation was possible with 82.01% accuracy for males and 80.55% accuracy for females based on the shape of the orbital region in the examined sample.
Sex estimation based on the orbital region was possible with more than 80% accuracy for both sexes, which is a high percentage of correct estimation. Therefore, we recommend using the orbital region of the skull for sex estimation.
了解眼眶区域的解剖结构和形态变异性在临床实践、法医学和生物人类学中非常重要。有几种方法可用于根据骨骼或骨骼的一部分来估计性别：经典方法和几何形态测量方法。本研究的目的是使用几何形态测量方法分析来自波斯尼亚人群的颅骨样本中眼眶区域的性别估计。
该研究使用来自萨拉热窝医学院骨骼收藏的 211 个人类成人颅骨（139 名男性和 72 名女性）的三维模型进行。使用激光扫描仪记录颅骨以获取颅骨 3D 模型。我们在每个模型上标记了 12 个地标，以分析性别二态性。地标使用 Landmark Editor 程序进行标记。标记地标后，我们使用 MorphoJ 程序分析男性和女性眼眶区域之间的形态变异性。
在 Procrustes 叠加、生成协方差矩阵并将性别作为分类变量引入后，应用判别函数分析（DFA），根据眼眶区域的形态确定男性的估计准确率为 86.33%，女性的估计准确率为 88.89%。回归分析的结果表明，眼眶区域的大小对其形状的性别二态性有统计学意义的影响。在排除大小的影响并提供 DFA 后，我们得出结论，根据检查样本中眼眶区域的形状，男性的性别估计准确率为 82.01%，女性的性别估计准确率为 80.55%。
眼眶区域的性别估计准确率男性为 80%以上，女性为 80%以上，这是一个较高的正确估计比例。因此，我们建议使用颅骨的眼眶区域进行性别估计。
