Nazir Muhammad Hamza, Al-Marzouqi Ali H, Ahmed Waleed, Zaneldin Essam
Department of Chemical Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Engineering Requirements Unit, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates.
Heliyon. 2023 Apr 4;9(4):e15023. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15023. eCollection 2023 Apr.
Natural fibers or their derivatives have gained significant attention as green fillers or reinforcement materials due to their abundant availability, environment-friendly nature and biodegradability for sustainable development. Despite the availability of modern alternatives such as concrete, glass-fiber/resin composites, steel, and plastics, there is still considerable demand for naturally occurring based materials for different applications due to their low cost, durability, strength, heat, sound, and fire-resistance characteristics. 3D printing has provided a novel approach to the development and advancement of natural fiber-based composite materials, as well as an important platform for the advancement of biomass materials toward intelligentization and industrialization. The features of 3D printing, particularly fast prototyping and small start-up, allow the easy fabrication of materials for a wide range of applications. This review highlights the current progress and potential commercial applications of 3D printed composites reinforced with natural fibers or biomass. This study discussed that 3D printing technology can be effectively utilized for different applications, including producing electroactive papers, fuel cell membranes, adhesives, wastewater treatment, biosensors, and its potential applications in the automobile, building, and construction industries. The research in the literature showed that even if the field of 3D printing has advanced significantly, problems still need to be solved, such as material incompatibility and material cost. Further studies could be conducted to improve and adapt the methods to work with various materials. More effort should be put into developing affordable printer technologies and materials that work with these printers to broaden the applications for 3D printed objects.
天然纤维及其衍生物因其丰富的可获取性、环境友好性和生物可降解性，作为绿色填料或增强材料受到了广泛关注，有利于可持续发展。尽管有混凝土、玻璃纤维/树脂复合材料、钢铁和塑料等现代替代材料，但由于天然材料成本低、耐久性好、强度高、隔热、隔音和耐火等特性，不同应用对天然材料仍有相当大的需求。3D打印为天然纤维基复合材料的开发和进步提供了一种新方法，也是生物质材料向智能化和工业化发展的重要平台。3D打印的特点，特别是快速成型和启动成本低，使得能够轻松制造适用于广泛应用的材料。本文综述强调了用天然纤维或生物质增强的3D打印复合材料的当前进展和潜在商业应用。本研究讨论了3D打印技术可有效用于不同应用，包括生产电活性纸、燃料电池膜、粘合剂、废水处理、生物传感器，以及其在汽车、建筑和施工行业的潜在应用。文献研究表明，即使3D打印领域取得了显著进展，但仍有问题需要解决，如材料不相容性和材料成本。可以进行进一步研究以改进和调整方法，使其适用于各种材料。应更加努力开发价格合理的打印技术以及与这些打印机配合使用的材料，以拓宽3D打印物体的应用范围。
