Ofori Emmanuel Kwaku, Clinton Egyam Bill, Acheampong Obed Danso, Anane Henry Asare-, Amponsah Seth Kwabena, Su Jayasinghe, Amanquah Seth Dortey
Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
MDS-Lancet Laboratories Ghana Limited, Accra, Ghana.
Heliyon. 2023 Apr 5;9(4):e15198. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15198. eCollection 2023 Apr.
Blood protein leakage, especially albumin, into the urine is the hallmark of nephrotic syndrome (NS), which poses a serious public health problem. The absence of albumin prompts the liver to produce more proteins to make up the difference. The therapeutic significance of these additional proteins in NS is not yet fully understood.
In total, 99 patients with NS and 47 persons without NS (control group) were included in this cross-sectional study. Socio-demographic and clinical information were obtained from recruits utilizing a standard questionnaire and a check of the lab order forms for individuals. Each participant had a 6-mL (6 mL) sample of venous blood taken and levels of calcium, C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, and other proteins in the serum were assayed. The proteins in serum were separated using the electrophoresis technique, and the various fractions were then measured by a densitometer. Calculations were made for the oncotic pressure.
The NS group had significantly greater levels of serum CRP, urea, alpha-2-globulin, gamma globulins, and M component than the control group ( < 0.05 respectively). Transferrin, total proteins, albumin, beta-1-globulins, calcium, and oncotic pressure were significantly higher in persons without NS compared to the NS group ( < 0.05 respectively). In addition, levels of CRP (odds ratio = 1.41, = 0.005) and gamma globulin (odds ratio = 4.12, = 0.005) in the blood were observed to be independent predictors in the occurrence of NS. These two factors increased the likelihood of developing NS by approximately 1.5 and 4 times, respectively.
Among the proteins assayed, CRP and gamma globulin were found to be predictors of NS. Nonetheless, further studies are required to understand the mechanisms associated with these serum proteins in NS.
血液中的蛋白质，尤其是白蛋白漏入尿液是肾病综合征（NS）的标志，这是一个严重的公共卫生问题。白蛋白的缺失促使肝脏产生更多蛋白质以弥补差异。这些额外蛋白质在肾病综合征中的治疗意义尚未完全明确。
本横断面研究共纳入99例肾病综合征患者和47例非肾病综合征患者（对照组）。通过标准问卷和检查个人实验室订单表格，从招募对象中获取社会人口统计学和临床信息。每位参与者采集6毫升静脉血样本，检测血清中钙、C反应蛋白（CRP）、白蛋白和其他蛋白质的水平。采用电泳技术分离血清中的蛋白质，然后用密度计测量各组分。计算血浆渗透压。
肾病综合征组血清CRP、尿素、α-2球蛋白、γ球蛋白和M成分水平显著高于对照组（分别为<0.05）。与肾病综合征组相比，非肾病综合征患者的转铁蛋白、总蛋白、白蛋白、β-1球蛋白、钙和血浆渗透压显著更高（分别为<0.05）。此外，血液中CRP（比值比=1.41，=0.005）和γ球蛋白（比值比=4.12，=0.005）水平被观察为肾病综合征发生的独立预测因素。这两个因素分别使患肾病综合征的可能性增加约1.5倍和4倍。
在所检测的蛋白质中，发现CRP和γ球蛋白是肾病综合征的预测因素。尽管如此，仍需要进一步研究以了解这些血清蛋白在肾病综合征中的相关机制。
