Moni Fahmida Najnin, Miazi Md Samir Ahmed, Kabir Md Humayun, Shammi Rifat Shahid, Islam Md Sirajul, Islam Md Shafiqul, Sarker Md Eusuf, Khan Md Mehedi Hasan, Ahammed Md Shakir, Siddique Md Abu Bakar, Kormoker Tapos
Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh.
Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
Heliyon. 2023 Apr 5;9(4):e15078. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15078. eCollection 2023 Apr.
Toxic element accumulation in the surrounding soils of the advanced industry- and agriculture-oriented areas may lead to severe environmental degradation and harmful impact on inhabitants. This work examined the concentration of some concerned toxic elements (Cr, Pb, Cd, Cu, As, and Ni) in the representative topsoil from 10 industrially contaminated sites in central Bangladesh (Narayanganj district) using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer concerning the probable ecological and human health risks. The mean concentrations (mg/kg) of the elements were found in the order of Ni (58.1 ± 11.8) > Pb (34.1 ± 14.3) > Cr (32.1 ± 6.77) > Cu (14.5 ± 3.30) > Cd (2.74 ± 1.08) > As (1.49 ± 0.43). The findings pointed out that diversified manmade events enhanced the intensities of elemental contamination through the studied sites. Source analysis showed that Cr, Pb, As, and Cd may originate from industrial wastewater and agricultural activities, whereas Cu and Ni came from natural sources. The geo-accumulation index level for Cd (1.70-3.39) was determined as grade 3 (moderately to strongly polluted), the enrichment factor score for Cd (13.9) fell in the very severe enhanced category (cluster 5), and the highest contamination factor value was found for Cd (15.7). The contamination degree values for all the tested elements signify a moderate to severe contamination grade; conversely, pollution load index levels depicted the nonexistence of elemental pollution. The assessment revealed serious Cd pollution in agricultural soils and moderate to significant potential ecological risk for the rest of the examined toxic elements. Furthermore, hazard index values exceeded the safe exposure levels, indicating that there was potential non-carcinogenic risk in the soils for children and adults. Ingestion exposure had much higher carcinogenic risk values than inhalation and cutaneous exposure, and children are exposed to considerable carcinogenic hazards. Therefore, it is suggested that the harmful practices that expose this farming soil to contaminants should be stopped immediately and effective environment-friendly techniques of waste management and effluent treatment should be employed in the study area.
在以先进工农业为主的地区，周边土壤中的有毒元素积累可能导致严重的环境退化，并对居民产生有害影响。本研究使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪，检测了孟加拉国中部（纳拉扬甘杰区）10个工业污染场地代表性表层土壤中一些相关有毒元素（铬、铅、镉、铜、砷和镍）的浓度，评估了可能的生态和人类健康风险。这些元素的平均浓度（mg/kg）顺序为：镍（58.1±11.8）＞铅（34.1±14.3）＞铬（32.1±6.77）＞铜（14.5±3.30）＞镉（2.74±1.08）＞砷（1.49±0.43）。研究结果指出，多样化的人为活动增强了研究场地内元素污染的强度。源分析表明，铬、铅、砷和镉可能源自工业废水和农业活动，而铜和镍来自自然源。镉的地累积指数水平为1.70 - 3.39，被确定为3级（中度至重度污染），镉的富集因子得分为13.9，属于极严重增强类别（第5组），镉的最高污染因子值为15.7。所有测试元素的污染程度值表明为中度至重度污染等级；相反，污染负荷指数水平显示不存在元素污染。评估揭示了农业土壤中存在严重的镉污染，其余检测的有毒元素存在中度至显著的潜在生态风险。此外，危害指数值超过了安全暴露水平，表明土壤对儿童和成人存在潜在的非致癌风险。经口暴露的致癌风险值远高于吸入和皮肤暴露，儿童面临相当大的致癌危害。因此，建议立即停止使这片农田土壤接触污染物的有害行为，并在研究区域采用有效的环保废物管理和污水处理技术。
