Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada.
Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada.
J Nutr Educ Behav. 2023 Jun;55(6):419-436. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2023.03.004. Epub 2023 Apr 25.
A systematic review was conducted to determine if mobile health (mHealth) interventions, and which intervention characteristics, effectively support dietary adherence and reduce risk factors in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Using 7 databases, studies involving adult participants with specific CVD diagnoses, mHealth intervention testing, and dietary adherence assessment were identified. Systematic reviews, qualitative studies, or studies testing interventions involving open dialogue between participants and health care providers or researchers were excluded. Two independent reviewers conducted screening and assessed the risk of bias.
Thirteen studies involved participants with prehypertension (n = 1), hypertension (n = 9), coronary artery disease (n = 2), and heart failure (n = 1). mHealth interventions in 8 studies improved dietary adherence, 4 showed mixed results, and 1 showed no improvements. Eight studies found interactive text and/or application-based mHealth intervention features effectively improved dietary adherence. One study had a low risk of bias, 2 had some concerns/moderate risk, and 10 had a high/critical or serious risk.
In most included studies, mHealth interventions positively impacted dietary adherence for patients with CVD.
Clinicians may recommend mHealth interventions to support nutrition education and self-management for their patients with CVD.
本系统评价旨在确定移动医疗（mHealth）干预措施及其干预特点是否能有效促进心血管疾病（CVD）患者的饮食依从性并降低相关风险因素。
使用 7 个数据库，确定了涉及特定 CVD 诊断、mHealth 干预测试和饮食依从性评估的成年参与者的研究。排除了系统评价、定性研究或测试涉及参与者与医疗保健提供者或研究人员之间开放对话的干预措施的研究。两名独立评审员进行了筛选和偏倚风险评估。
13 项研究涉及高血压前期（n=1）、高血压（n=9）、冠状动脉疾病（n=2）和心力衰竭（n=1）患者。8 项研究中的 mHealth 干预措施提高了饮食依从性，4 项研究结果混合，1 项研究无改善。8 项研究发现基于文本交互和/或应用程序的 mHealth 干预功能可有效提高饮食依从性。一项研究的偏倚风险低，2 项研究存在一定问题/中度风险，10 项研究的偏倚风险高/严重或极高。
在大多数纳入的研究中，mHealth 干预措施对 CVD 患者的饮食依从性产生了积极影响。
临床医生可能会建议患者使用 mHealth 干预措施来支持心血管疾病患者的营养教育和自我管理。
