Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2023 May;21(5):523-534. doi: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2206565. Epub 2023 Apr 28.
Acute otitis media (AOM) affects most (80%) children by 5 years of age and is the most common reason children are prescribed antibiotics. The epidemiology of AOM has changed considerably since the widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, which has broad-reaching implications for management.
In this narrative review, we cover the epidemiology of AOM, best practices for diagnosis and management, new diagnostic technology, effective stewardship interventions, and future directions of the field. Literature review was performed using PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov.
Inaccurate diagnoses, unnecessary antibiotic use, and increasing antimicrobial resistance remain major challenges in AOM management. Fortunately, effective tools and interventions to improve diagnostic accuracy, de-implement unnecessary antibiotic use, and individualize care are on the horizon. Successful scaling of these tools and interventions will be critical to improving overall care for children.
急性中耳炎（AOM）影响大多数（80%）儿童在 5 岁之前，是儿童开具抗生素的最常见原因。自从广泛使用肺炎球菌结合疫苗以来，AOM 的流行病学发生了很大变化，这对管理产生了深远的影响。
在这篇叙述性综述中，我们涵盖了 AOM 的流行病学、诊断和管理的最佳实践、新的诊断技术、有效的管理干预措施以及该领域的未来方向。文献综述使用了 PubMed 和 ClinicalTrials.gov。
不准确的诊断、不必要的抗生素使用和不断增加的抗生素耐药性仍然是 AOM 管理的主要挑战。幸运的是，提高诊断准确性、减少不必要的抗生素使用和个性化护理的有效工具和干预措施即将出现。成功推广这些工具和干预措施对于改善儿童的整体护理至关重要。
