Collaborative Innovation Center for Field Weeds Control, Hunan University of Humanities and Science, Loudi, Hunan, China.
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Weeds, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.
PLoS One. 2023 Apr 25;18(4):e0272842. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272842. eCollection 2023.
In agriculture, barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli L.) is one of the most harmful weeds in rice fields now. In order to identify active ingredients which had inhibiting effect on barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli L.), we evaluated several possible natural plant essential oils. Essential oils from twelve plant species showed inhibitory activity against barnyard grass seedlings and root length. The garlic essential oil (GEO) had the most significant allelopathic effect (EC50 = 0.0126 g mL-1). Additionally, the enzyme activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased during the first 8 hours of treatment at a concentration of 0.1 g mL-1 and then declined. The activities of CAT, SOD and POD increased by 121%, 137% and 110% (0-8h, compared to control), and decreased (8-72h, compared to the maximum value) by 100%, 185% and 183%, respectively. The total chlorophyll content of barnyard grass seedlings decreased by 51% (0-72h) continuously with the same dosage treatment. Twenty constituents of GEO were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the herbicidal activity of two main components (diallyl sulfide and diallyl disulfide) was evaluated. Results showed that both components had herbicidal activity against barnyard grass. GEO had a strong inhibitory effect (~88.34% inhibition) on barnyard grass growth, but safety studies on rice showed it did not have much inhibitory effect on rice seed germination. Allelopathy of GEO provide ideas for the development of new plant-derived herbicides.
在农业中，稗草（Echinochloa crusgalli L.）是稻田中最有害的杂草之一。为了鉴定对稗草（Echinochloa crusgalli L.）具有抑制作用的活性成分，我们评估了几种可能的天然植物精油。12 种植物精油对稗草幼苗和根长表现出抑制活性。大蒜精油（GEO）具有最显著的化感作用（EC50 = 0.0126 g mL-1）。此外，在 0.1 g mL-1浓度下，处理 8 小时内，过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的酶活性增加，然后下降。CAT、SOD 和 POD 的活性分别增加了 121%、137%和 110%（0-8h，与对照相比），并降低了 100%、185%和 183%（8-72h，与最大值相比）。用相同剂量处理稗草幼苗的总叶绿素含量连续 51%（0-72h）下降。通过气相色谱-质谱法鉴定了 GEO 的 20 种成分，并评估了两种主要成分（二烯丙基硫和二烯丙基二硫）的除草活性。结果表明，两种成分都对稗草具有除草活性。GEO 对稗草生长具有很强的抑制作用（~88.34%抑制），但对水稻的安全性研究表明，它对水稻种子萌发没有太大的抑制作用。GEO 的化感作用为开发新的植物源除草剂提供了思路。
