Jaffe Alexander L, Castelle Cindy J, Banfield Jillian F
Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2023 Sep 15;77:193-212. doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-041320-032304. Epub 2023 Apr 26.
Related groups of microbes are widely distributed across Earth's habitats, implying numerous dispersal and adaptation events over evolutionary time. However, relatively little is known about the characteristics and mechanisms of these habitat transitions, particularly for populations that reside in animal microbiomes. Here, we review the literature concerning habitat transitions among a variety of bacterial and archaeal lineages, considering the frequency of migration events, potential environmental barriers, and mechanisms of adaptation to new physicochemical conditions, including the modification of protein inventories and other genomic characteristics. Cells dependent on microbial hosts, particularly bacteria from the Candidate Phyla Radiation, have undergone repeated habitat transitions from environmental sources into animal microbiomes. We compare their trajectories to those of both free-living cells-including the , , and methanogenic archaea-and cellular endosymbionts and bacteriophages, which have made similar transitions. We conclude by highlighting major related topics that may be worthy of future study.
相关的微生物群广泛分布于地球的栖息地，这意味着在进化过程中发生了无数次的扩散和适应事件。然而，对于这些栖息地转变的特征和机制，我们所知相对较少，尤其是对于存在于动物微生物群中的种群。在这里，我们回顾了有关各种细菌和古菌谱系间栖息地转变的文献，考虑了迁移事件的频率、潜在的环境障碍以及适应新物理化学条件的机制，包括蛋白质库的改变和其他基因组特征。依赖微生物宿主的细胞，特别是来自候选门辐射类群的细菌，经历了从环境来源到动物微生物群的反复栖息地转变。我们将它们的轨迹与自由生活细胞（包括、和产甲烷古菌）以及细胞内共生体和噬菌体的轨迹进行比较，这些细胞也经历了类似的转变。我们通过强调可能值得未来研究的主要相关主题来结束本文。
