Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.
Braun Center for Submicron Research, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
Nature. 2023 May;617(7960):277-281. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-05883-2. Epub 2023 Apr 26.
Correlations of partitioned particles carry essential information about their quantumness. Partitioning full beams of charged particles leads to current fluctuations, with their autocorrelation (namely, shot noise) revealing the particles' charge. This is not the case when a highly diluted beam is partitioned. Bosons or fermions will exhibit particle antibunching (owing to their sparsity and discreteness). However, when diluted anyons, such as quasiparticles in fractional quantum Hall states, are partitioned in a narrow constriction, their autocorrelation reveals an essential aspect of their quantum exchange statistics: their braiding phase. Here we describe detailed measurements of weakly partitioned, highly diluted, one-dimension-like edge modes of the one-third filling fractional quantum Hall state. The measured autocorrelation agrees with our theory of braiding anyons in the time domain (instead of braiding in space); with a braiding phase of 2θ = 2π/3, without any fitting parameters. Our work offers a relatively straightforward and simple method to observe the braiding statistics of exotic anyonic states, such as non-abelian states, without resorting to complex interference experiments.
分割粒子的关联携带了它们量子特性的基本信息。分割带电粒子的全束流会导致电流波动，其自相关（即散粒噪声）揭示了粒子的电荷。当高度稀释的束流被分割时，情况就不是这样了。玻色子或费米子将表现出粒子反聚束（由于它们的稀疏性和离散性）。然而，当稀释任意子，例如分数量子霍尔态中的准粒子，在狭窄的瓶颈中被分割时，它们的自相关揭示了它们量子交换统计的一个基本方面：它们的编织相位。在这里，我们描述了对三分之一填充分数量子霍尔态的弱分割、高度稀释、一维边缘模式的详细测量。测量的自相关与我们在时域中对编织任意子的理论相符（而不是在空间中编织）；编织相位为 2θ=2π/3，没有任何拟合参数。我们的工作提供了一种相对简单直接的方法，可以观察到奇异任意子态（例如非阿贝尔态）的编织统计，而无需进行复杂的干涉实验。
