Epidemiology, drug resistance analysis and mortality risk factor prediction of gram-negative bacteria infections in patients with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an effective treatment for many malignant and refractory diseases. However, infections, as the most common complication after transplantation, often lead to poor long-term prognosis of patients. In this study, we collected electronic medical records of allo-HSCT recipients with gram-negative bacteria (GNB) infections between January 2012 and September 2021, analyzed epidemiological characteristics and antibiotic sensitivity, and determined independent risk factors for carbapenem-resistant GNB (CR-GNB) infections and death by Logistic and Cox regression models. During the 9-year period, 183 of 968 patients developed GNB infections, of which 58 died. The most common pathogen was . CR-GNB, especially carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia (CRKP), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) and carbapenem-resistant (CREC) had a high resistance rate to commonly used clinical antibiotics. Independent risk factors for CR-GNB infections were use of carbapenem antibiotics for >3 days one month before transplantation (OR = 3.244, 95% CI 1.428-7.369,  = 0.005), use of special immunosuppressants after transplantation (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.008-1.452,  = 0.041), and time of hematopoietic reconstruction >20 days (OR = 2.628, 95% CI 1.369-5.043,  = 0.004). Independent risk factors for mortality were interval between diagnosis and transplantation >180 days (HR = 2.039, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.963,  = 0.035), total bilirubin levels during infection >34.2 μmol/L (HR = 3.39, 95% CI 1.583-7.256,  = 0.002) and septic shock (HR = 5.345, 95% CI 2.655-10.761,  = 0.000). In conclusion, GNB has a high incidence and mortality in allo-HSCT recipients. Early transplantation for eligible patients, attention to liver function protection, timely identification and treatment of septic shock can help to improve the prognosis of patients.