食用克菲尔对心血管代谢风险因素的影响：随机对照试验的系统评价和荟萃分析。

Effects of Kefir Consumption on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

机构信息

Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Laparascopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

出版信息

Curr Drug Targets. 2023;24(7):599-612. doi: 10.2174/1389450124666230427095742.

DOI:10.2174/1389450124666230427095742

PMID:37102491

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Fermentation of lactose in milk by bacteria and yeasts naturally present in kefir grains produces a beverage that has been suggested to have cardiovascular benefits. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to evaluate the effects of this kefir beverage on cardiometabolic risk factors.

METHODS

Literature search utilised PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar for articles published from inception until June 2021. Cardiometabolic risk indices extracted included insulin and insulin resistance (HOMA_IR), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting blood sugar (FBS), haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and body weight (BW). In total, six RCTs (314 subjects) were selected for the meta-analysis. Inverse-variance weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for the mean changes in TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, FBS, HbA1c and BW compared to baseline. A random effects model was used to estimate the pooled WMD.

RESULTS

Kefir intake significantly reduced fasting insulin (WMD: -3.69 micro-IU/mL,95% CI: -6.30 to -1.07, p = 0.006, I = 0.0%) and HOMA-IR (WMD: -2.56, 95% CI: -3.82 to -1.30, <0.001, I = 19.4%). No effect on TC ( = 0.088), TG ( = 0.824), HDL-C ( = 0.491), LDL-C ( = 0.910), FBS ( = 0.267), HbA1c ( = 0.339) or body weight ( = 0.439) were found for kefir treatment.

CONCLUSION

Kefir has a beneficial effect in decreasing insulin resistance; however, no effect was seen on BW, FBS, HbA1C, and lipid profile.

摘要

背景

在酸奶粒中自然存在的细菌和酵母发酵牛奶中的乳糖会产生一种饮料，有人认为这种饮料对心血管有好处。本系统评价和随机对照试验（RCT）的荟萃分析旨在评估这种克菲尔饮料对心血管代谢危险因素的影响。

方法

文献检索使用 PubMed、Scopus、ISI Web of Science 和 Google Scholar，检索自成立至 2021 年 6 月发表的文章。提取的心血管代谢风险指标包括胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗（HOMA_IR）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、空腹血糖（FBS）、糖化血红蛋白 A1c（HbA1c）和体重（BW）。共有六项 RCT（314 例受试者）被纳入荟萃分析。采用逆方差加权均数差值（WMD）和 95%置信区间（CI）计算 TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、FBS、HbA1c 和 BW 与基线相比的平均变化。采用随机效应模型估计汇总 WMD。

结果

克菲尔摄入可显著降低空腹胰岛素（WMD：-3.69 微国际单位/毫升，95%CI：-6.30 至-1.07，p = 0.006，I = 0.0%）和 HOMA-IR（WMD：-2.56，95%CI：-3.82 至-1.30，<0.001，I = 19.4%）。克菲尔治疗对 TC（ = 0.088）、TG（ = 0.824）、HDL-C（ = 0.491）、LDL-C（ = 0.910）、FBS（ = 0.267）、HbA1c（ = 0.339）或体重（ = 0.439）均无影响。