Arabi Seyyed Mostafa, Bahrami Leila Sadat, Milkarizi Narges, Nematy Mohsen, Kalmykov Vladislav, Sahebkar Amirhossein
Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Pharmacol Res. 2022 Apr;178:106190. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106190. Epub 2022 Mar 23.
BACKGROUND: In recent years, the effect of walnut consumption on various components of metabolic syndrome (Mets) in different populations has been investigated. However, the findings on the alterations of cardiometabolic and anthropometric indices following walnut consumption in adults with Mets have not been fully conclusive. METHODS: The current study of eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examined the effects of walnut consumption on glucose homeostasis factors (fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c)), lipid profile (triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c)), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations and anthropometric indices (body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC)) in trials of 549 participants. A systematic search was conducted in online databases including MEDLINE, Scopus, and Clarivate Analytics Web of Science uses related keywords to detect eligible studies until December 2021. To calculate the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), a random-effects model was used. RESULTS: Results from the pooled analysis showed that serum TG concentration was significantly reduced (WMD, - 0.1 mmol/L; 95%CI (- 0.3 to - 0.02); p = 0.02; I = 38.6%; p = 0.10), although other lipid profile components (TC, LDL-c, and HDL-c), glucose homeostasis markers (FPG, insulin, and HbA1c), hs-CRP levels, anthropometric indices (BW, BMI, and WC) and blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were not influenced by walnut consumption. A significant dose-response association was detected between the dose of walnut intake and serum concentrations of FPG (P < 0.03, P < 0.001) and HDL-c (P = 0.01, P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Walnut consumption reduces serum TG levels in individuals with metabolic syndrome, but it cannot affect other cardiometabolic indices. Future well-designed and large RCTs are required to clarify further beneficial effects of walnut consumption on the cardiometabolic profile.
背景：近年来，已对食用核桃对不同人群代谢综合征（Mets）各组分的影响进行了研究。然而，关于患有Mets的成年人食用核桃后心脏代谢和人体测量指标变化的研究结果尚未完全定论。 方法：当前这项对八项随机对照试验（RCT）的研究，在549名参与者的试验中，考察了食用核桃对葡萄糖稳态因子（空腹血糖（FPG）、胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c））、血脂谱（甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-c）和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-c））、高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）浓度以及人体测量指标（体重（BW）、体重指数（BMI）和腰围（WC））的影响。于2021年12月前，在包括MEDLINE、Scopus和科睿唯安Web of Science在内的在线数据库中进行了系统检索，使用相关关键词来检测符合条件的研究。为计算加权平均差（WMD）和95%置信区间（CIs），采用了随机效应模型。 结果：汇总分析结果显示，血清TG浓度显著降低（WMD，-0.1 mmol/L；95%CI（-0.3至-0.02）；p = 0.02；I² = 38.6%；p = 0.10），尽管其他血脂谱组分（TC、LDL-c和HDL-c）、葡萄糖稳态标志物（FPG、胰岛素和HbA1c）、hs-CRP水平、人体测量指标（BW、BMI和WC）以及血压（收缩压和舒张压）不受食用核桃的影响。在核桃摄入量与FPG（P < 0.03，P < 0.001）和HDL-c（P = 0.01，P = 0.006）的血清浓度之间检测到显著的剂量反应关联。 结论：食用核桃可降低代谢综合征患者的血清TG水平，但对其他心脏代谢指标无影响。未来需要设计良好的大型随机对照试验，以进一步阐明食用核桃对心脏代谢状况的有益作用。
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