Department of Geography, Institute of Geosciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2023 Apr 27;17(4):e0011237. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011237. eCollection 2023 Apr.
Among the main activities of dengue and vector control recommended by the Ministry of Health of Brazil is the inspection and monitoring of properties identified as Strategic Points (SPs) and Special Buildings (SBs). SPs are properties associated to hazard, where there is a concentration of suitable egg-laying containers for Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, while SBs have greater importance for human exposure to the dengue virus.
To investigate the effect of characteristics of the urban landscape on dengue incidence. Specifically, we tested if SPs and SBs affect dengue case distribution in Campinas, and if they do, if they affect the risk differently. We considered the period from 2013 to 2016.
We tested whether dengue cases were more numerous than expected in the vicinity of SPs and SBs, putative sources of risk, using the Negative Binomial models. We also tested the existence of a gradient in incidence with increasing distance to SPs and SBs by using Stone's test.
The Rate Ratios (RR) values were always higher closer to the SPs and SBs, and these values tended to decrease as distance from these sources increased. In general, RR values greater than one, which indicates a higher risk, were associated to the closest buffers from the SPs/SBs properties, until nearly 550 meters for the SPs and 650 meters for the SBs. Stone's test results indicated that for all years considered, there was a correlation between the distance from the SPs/SBs and dengue cases occurrences, except for SBs from 2016. For SPs the relationship is stronger than for SBs.
Results are coherent with other studies which found that these properties contribute to an increased risk of dengue transmission. We emphasize the importance of public agents' survey work and the importance to keep and improve the inspections in SPs/SBs recorded in Campinas.
巴西卫生部推荐的登革热和病媒控制的主要活动之一是检查和监测被确定为战略点（SP）和特殊建筑物（SB）的物业。SP 是与危险相关的物业，那里有大量适合埃及伊蚊产卵的容器集中，而 SB 对人类接触登革热病毒的风险更大。
调查城市景观特征对登革热发病率的影响。具体来说，我们测试了 SP 和 SB 是否影响坎皮纳斯的登革热病例分布，如果有影响，它们是否以不同的方式影响风险。我们考虑了 2013 年至 2016 年的时间段。
我们使用负二项式模型测试了在 SP 和 SB 附近，即潜在的风险源附近，登革热病例是否比预期的更多。我们还通过使用斯通检验测试了随着与 SP 和 SB 的距离增加，发病率是否存在梯度。
RR 值在靠近 SP 和 SB 时总是更高，并且这些值随着与这些源的距离增加而趋于降低。一般来说，RR 值大于 1，这表明风险更高，与 SP/SB 物业最近的缓冲区相关，直到 SP 为 550 米，SB 为 650 米。斯通检验的结果表明，除了 2016 年的 SB 之外，所有考虑的年份都存在距离 SP/SB 与登革热病例发生之间的相关性。对于 SP，这种关系比 SB 更强。
结果与其他研究一致，这些研究发现这些物业有助于增加登革热传播的风险。我们强调了公共代理调查工作的重要性，以及在坎皮纳斯记录的 SP/SB 中保持和改进检查的重要性。
