Almdal T, Skinhøj P, Friis H
Infection. 1986 Mar-Apr;14(2):68-70. doi: 10.1007/BF01644445.
In a five-year retrospective study, there were 57 episodes of bacteremia among 1623 admissions (3.5%) of patients suffering from cirrhosis. Gram-positive bacteria were found in 70% of the episodes, gram-negative bacteria in 30%. All of the gram-positive bacteria found were fully sensitive to methicillin and to gentamicin. The gram-negative bacteria found were all sensitive to gentamicin, but only 50% were sensitive to ampicillin. The distribution between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was the same, irrespective of whether the patients acquired the infection inside or outside the hospital. More than 50% of the patients suffered from one or more of the following complications of cirrhosis: ascites, encephalopathy and haematemesis. Twenty-one patients died within seven days after the bacteremia was diagnosed. Bacteremia is a serious complication of advanced cirrhosis, and it is recommended that adequate antibiotic treatment is started when septicemia is suspected.
在一项为期五年的回顾性研究中，1623例肝硬化患者入院治疗期间发生了57次菌血症（发生率为3.5%）。70%的菌血症病例中发现革兰氏阳性菌，30%中发现革兰氏阴性菌。所有发现的革兰氏阳性菌对甲氧西林和庆大霉素均完全敏感。发现的革兰氏阴性菌对庆大霉素均敏感，但仅50%对氨苄西林敏感。无论患者是在医院内还是医院外获得感染，革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的分布情况相同。超过50%的患者患有以下一种或多种肝硬化并发症：腹水、脑病和呕血。21例患者在菌血症确诊后七天内死亡。菌血症是晚期肝硬化的一种严重并发症，建议在怀疑发生败血症时开始进行充分的抗生素治疗。
