Vaiciuleviciute Raminta, Uzieliene Ilona, Bernotas Paulius, Novickij Vitalij, Alaburda Aidas, Bernotiene Eiva
Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu g. 5, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariškių g. 5, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Bioengineering (Basel). 2023 Apr 7;10(4):454. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering10040454.
Electrical stimulation (ES) has been frequently used in different biomedical applications both in vitro and in vivo. Numerous studies have demonstrated positive effects of ES on cellular functions, including metabolism, proliferation, and differentiation. The application of ES to cartilage tissue for increasing extracellular matrix formation is of interest, as cartilage is not able to restore its lesions owing to its avascular nature and lack of cells. Various ES approaches have been used to stimulate chondrogenic differentiation in chondrocytes and stem cells; however, there is a huge gap in systematizing ES protocols used for chondrogenic differentiation of cells. This review focuses on the application of ES for chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis for cartilage tissue regeneration. The effects of different types of ES on cellular functions and chondrogenic differentiation are reviewed, systematically providing ES protocols and their advantageous effects. Moreover, cartilage 3D modeling using cells in scaffolds/hydrogels under ES are observed, and recommendations on reporting about the use of ES in different studies are provided to ensure adequate consolidation of knowledge in the area of ES. This review brings novel insights into the further application of ES in in vitro studies, which are promising for further cartilage repair techniques.
电刺激（ES）已在体外和体内的不同生物医学应用中频繁使用。大量研究表明，电刺激对细胞功能具有积极影响，包括代谢、增殖和分化。由于软骨无血管且缺乏细胞，无法修复其损伤，因此将电刺激应用于软骨组织以增加细胞外基质形成备受关注。已采用各种电刺激方法来刺激软骨细胞和干细胞的软骨形成分化；然而，在用于细胞软骨形成分化的电刺激方案系统化方面存在巨大差距。本综述重点关注电刺激在软骨细胞和间充质干细胞软骨形成中的应用，以实现软骨组织再生。综述了不同类型电刺激对细胞功能和软骨形成分化的影响，系统地提供了电刺激方案及其优势效应。此外，还观察了在电刺激下使用支架/水凝胶中的细胞进行软骨三维建模，并提供了在不同研究中报告电刺激使用情况的建议，以确保在电刺激领域充分整合知识。本综述为电刺激在体外研究中的进一步应用带来了新见解，这对进一步的软骨修复技术具有前景。
