Ojo Omorogieva, Jiang Yiqing, Ojo Osarhumwese Osaretin, Wang Xiaohua
School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Education, Health and Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, London SE9 2UG, UK.
The School of Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Apr 13;11(8):1120. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11081120.
Nutritional interventions such as the planetary health diet, which the EAT-Lancet commission proposed, may be an effective strategy for reducing type 2 diabetes risks and its associated complications. The planetary health diet demonstrates the significant role of diet in associating human health with environmental sustainability and the significance of transforming food systems in order to ensure that the UN's Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement are achieved. Therefore, the aim of this review is to examine the association of the planetary health diet (PHD) with the risk of type 2 diabetes and its related complications.
The systematic review was conducted in line with established guidelines. The searches were carried out in health sciences research databases through EBSCOHost. The population, intervention, comparator and outcomes framework was used in order to define the research question and the search terms. The searches were carried out from the inception of the databases to 15 November 2022. Search terms including synonyms and medical subject headings were combined using Boolean operators (OR/AND).
Seven studies were included in the review and four themes were identified, including incidence of diabetes; cardiovascular risk factors and other disease risks; indicators of obesity and indicators of environmental sustainability. Two studies examined the association between the PHD and the incidence of type 2 diabetes and found that high adherence to the reference diet (EAT-Lancet reference diet) was correlated with a lower incidence of type 2 diabetes. High adherence to the PHD was also associated with some cardiovascular risk factors and environmental sustainability.
This systematic review has shown that high adherence to the PHD is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and may be associated with a lower risk of subarachnoid stroke. In addition, an inverse relationship was found between adherence to the PHD and markers of obesity and environmental sustainability. Adherence to the reference diet was also associated with lower values of some markers of cardiovascular risk. More studies are needed to fully examine the relationship between the planetary health diet, type 2 diabetes and its related conditions.
诸如EAT-柳叶刀委员会提议的“行星健康饮食”等营养干预措施，可能是降低2型糖尿病风险及其相关并发症的有效策略。行星健康饮食体现了饮食在将人类健康与环境可持续性联系起来方面的重要作用，以及为确保实现联合国可持续发展目标和《巴黎协定》而变革食物系统的重要性。因此，本综述的目的是研究行星健康饮食（PHD）与2型糖尿病风险及其相关并发症之间的关联。
该系统综述按照既定指南进行。通过EBSCOHost在健康科学研究数据库中进行检索。使用人群、干预措施、对照和结局框架来界定研究问题和检索词。检索从数据库建立之初至2022年11月15日。使用布尔运算符（OR/AND）组合包括同义词和医学主题词在内的检索词。
该综述纳入了七项研究，并确定了四个主题，包括糖尿病发病率；心血管危险因素和其他疾病风险；肥胖指标和环境可持续性指标。两项研究考察了PHD与2型糖尿病发病率之间的关联，发现高度遵循参考饮食（EAT-柳叶刀参考饮食）与2型糖尿病较低的发病率相关。高度遵循PHD还与一些心血管危险因素和环境可持续性有关。
该系统综述表明，高度遵循PHD与2型糖尿病风险降低相关，可能还与蛛网膜下腔卒中风险降低有关。此外，发现遵循PHD与肥胖和环境可持续性指标之间存在负相关关系。遵循参考饮食还与一些心血管风险指标的较低值有关。需要更多研究来全面考察行星健康饮食、2型糖尿病及其相关病症之间的关系。
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