Jarosz Marcin, Dębski Paweł, Główczyński Patryk, Badura-Brzoza Karina
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-000 Katowice, Poland.
Institute of Psychology, Humanitas University in Sosnowiec, 34-112 Sosnowiec, Poland.
Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Apr 17;11(8):1153. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11081153.
Anxiety disorders are one of the most common mental disorders in the modern world. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the onset of many mental disorders in people who did not have them before. It can be suspected that in people who already had anxiety disorders before the pandemic, their quality of life has significantly deteriorated.
The aim of the study was to assess the relationships between life satisfaction, acceptance of illness, the severity of anxiety and depression symptoms and health behaviors in a group of patients diagnosed with anxiety disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The study was conducted in the period from March 2020 to March 2022. There were 70 people among the respondents, including 44 women aged 44.06 ± 14.89 years and 26 men aged 40.84 ± 16.72 years. All persons were diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. Patients with other co-occurring disorders were excluded, i.e., depression and signs of organic damage to the central nervous system, as were those with cognitive disorders that prevented the completion of the questionnaires. The following scales were used in the study: the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS), Health Behavior Inventory (HBI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and the Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analyses.
In the Satisfaction in Life questionnaire, the respondents obtained an average score of 17.59 ± 5.74 points. In the AIS scale, the mean score obtained by the patients was 27.10 ± 9.65 points. In the overall Health Behavior Inventory (HBI), the average score was 79.52 ± 15.24 points. In the HADS questionnaire, probants obtained an average of 8.17 ± 4.37 points in the depression subscale and 11.55 ± 4.46 points in the anxiety subscale. In addition, there were significant negative correlations between life satisfaction (SWLS) and the severity of anxiety and depression (HADS). The lower the perceived quality of life, the significantly higher the anxiety and depressive disorders. The result obtained in the Health Behavior Inventory (HBI) as well as in the subscale of Prohealth Activities (PHA) was negatively associated with the severity of anxiety symptoms. Prohealth activities should therefore be developed to prevent anxiety disorders, as well as to promote positive mental attitudes. In the study, the average result obtained in the subscale of positive mental attitudes correlated negatively with both anxiety and depressive symptoms.
Life during the pandemic was assessed by patients as unsatisfactory. Health-promoting behaviors, and especially positive mental attitudes, may play a protective role in relation to anxiety and depressive symptoms in a situation of increased stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic in a group of patients with anxiety disorders.
焦虑症是现代社会中最常见的精神障碍之一。新冠疫情导致许多之前没有精神障碍的人出现了精神障碍。可以推测，在疫情之前就患有焦虑症的人群中，他们的生活质量显著下降。
本研究旨在评估新冠疫情期间被诊断为焦虑症的一组患者的生活满意度、疾病接受度、焦虑和抑郁症状严重程度与健康行为之间的关系。
研究于2020年3月至2022年3月期间进行。受访者共70人，其中44名女性，年龄为44.06±14.89岁，26名男性，年龄为40.84±16.72岁。所有人员均被诊断为广泛性焦虑症。排除患有其他共病的患者，即抑郁症和中枢神经系统器质性损伤迹象的患者，以及患有认知障碍而无法完成问卷的患者。本研究使用了以下量表：生活满意度量表（SWLS）、疾病接受度量表（AIS）、健康行为量表（HBI）和医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）。采用Spearman等级相关系数和Mann-Whitney U检验进行统计分析。
在生活满意度问卷中，受访者的平均得分为17.59±5.74分。在AIS量表中，患者的平均得分为27.10±9.65分。在总体健康行为量表（HBI）中，平均得分为79.52±15.24分。在HADS问卷中，受试者在抑郁分量表中的平均得分为8.17±4.37分，在焦虑分量表中的平均得分为11.55±4.46分。此外，生活满意度（SWLS）与焦虑和抑郁严重程度（HADS）之间存在显著负相关。生活质量感知越低，焦虑和抑郁障碍越严重。健康行为量表（HBI）以及促进健康活动分量表（PHA）的结果与焦虑症状严重程度呈负相关。因此，应开展促进健康的活动来预防焦虑症，并促进积极的心理态度。在研究中，积极心理态度分量表的平均结果与焦虑和抑郁症状均呈负相关。
患者认为疫情期间的生活不尽人意。在与新冠疫情相关的压力增加的情况下，促进健康的行为，尤其是积极的心理态度，可能对焦虑症患者的焦虑和抑郁症状起到保护作用。
