Nisha Nisha, Vinogradov Sergey, Körösi Katalin, Berisha Arbnora, Bán Rita
Department of Integrated Plant Protection, Institute of Plant Protection, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Godollo, Hungary.
Department of Agricultural Data Processing and Data Analysis, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Godollo, Hungary.
Microorganisms. 2023 Mar 23;11(4):821. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11040821.
Downy mildew caused by is responsible for significant economic losses in cultivated sunflowers. Field isolates of sunflower downy mildew resistant to mefenoxam, a previously effective active ingredient against the pathogen, have been found across Europe. The main goal of this study was to assess the sensitivity of isolates to mefenoxam through host responses to infection, such as symptoms measured by disease severity and growth reduction, and host tissue reactions, such as hypersensitive reaction and necrosis of invaded cells. Sunflower seeds were treated with Apron XL 350 FS at the European registered rate (3 mg/kg seeds). Seedlings were inoculated using the soil drench method with eight Hungarian isolates. Disease rates and plant heights were measured twice. Histological examinations of cross-sections of sunflower hypocotyls were performed using a fluorescence microscope. In our study, cluster analyses of sunflowers based on macroscopic and microscopic variables showed differentiation of groups of mefenoxam-treated sunflowers inoculated with different isolates. We first revealed a clear difference in host responses of mefenoxam-treated susceptible sunflowers. In addition, examining tissue reactions (e.g., hypersensitive reaction, necrosis) seems more accurate to estimate the sensitivity of isolates to mefenoxam than macroscopic symptoms.
由[病原菌名称未给出]引起的霜霉病会给种植的向日葵造成重大经济损失。在欧洲各地已发现对甲霜灵（一种先前对该病原菌有效的活性成分）具有抗性的向日葵霜霉病田间分离株。本研究的主要目标是通过宿主对感染的反应，如通过病情严重程度和生长减少来衡量的症状，以及宿主组织反应，如过敏反应和被侵染细胞的坏死，来评估[病原菌名称未给出]分离株对甲霜灵的敏感性。向日葵种子用欧洲登记剂量（3毫克/千克种子）的Apron XL 350 FS进行处理。使用土壤浇灌法用八个匈牙利[病原菌名称未给出]分离株对幼苗进行接种。病害发生率和株高测量了两次。使用荧光显微镜对向日葵下胚轴的横切面进行组织学检查。在我们的研究中，基于宏观和微观变量对向日葵进行的聚类分析显示，接种不同[病原菌名称未给出]分离株的经甲霜灵处理的向日葵组之间存在差异。我们首次揭示了经甲霜灵处理的易感向日葵在宿主反应方面存在明显差异。此外，检查组织反应（如过敏反应、坏死）似乎比宏观症状更准确地估计[病原菌名称未给出]分离株对甲霜灵的敏感性。
