Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China.
Basic Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
Molecules. 2023 Apr 11;28(8):3381. doi: 10.3390/molecules28083381.
Chronic inflammatory disease (CID) is a category of medical conditions that causes recurrent inflammatory attacks in multiple tissues. The occurrence of CID is related to inappropriate immune responses to normal tissue substances and invading microbes due to many factors, such as defects in the immune system and imbalanced regulation of commensal microbes. Thus, effectively keeping the immune-associated cells and their products in check and inhibiting aberrant activation of the immune system is a key strategy for the management of CID. Canthin-6-ones are a subclass of β-carboline alkaloids isolated from a wide range of species. Several emerging studies based on in vitro and in vivo experiments reveal that canthin-6-ones may have potential therapeutic effects on many inflammatory diseases. However, no study has yet summarized the anti-inflammatory functions and the underlying mechanisms of this class of compounds. This review provides an overview of these studies, focusing on the disease entities and the inflammatory mediators that have been shown to be affected by canthin-6-ones. In particular, the major signaling pathways affected by canthin-6-ones, such as the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and the NF-κB signaling pathway, and their roles in several CIDs are discussed. Moreover, we discuss the limitations in studies of canthin-6-ones and provide possible solutions. In addition, a perspective that may suggest possible future research directions is provided. This work may be helpful for further mechanistic studies and possible therapeutic applications of canthin-6-ones in the treatment of CID.
慢性炎症性疾病（CID）是一类导致多种组织反复发生炎症攻击的疾病。CID 的发生与免疫系统缺陷和共生微生物平衡调节等多种因素导致的对正常组织物质和入侵微生物的免疫反应不当有关。因此，有效控制免疫相关细胞及其产物，并抑制免疫系统的异常激活，是 CID 管理的关键策略。 苯并[c]咔唑-6-酮是从多种物种中分离得到的β-咔啉生物碱的一个子类。一些基于体外和体内实验的新兴研究表明，苯并[c]咔唑-6-酮可能对许多炎症性疾病具有潜在的治疗作用。然而，目前尚无研究总结该类化合物的抗炎功能及其潜在机制。本综述提供了对这些研究的概述，重点介绍了已被证明受苯并[c]咔唑-6-酮影响的疾病实体和炎症介质。特别是，讨论了苯并[c]咔唑-6-酮影响的主要信号通路，如 NLR 家族包含 pyrin 结构域的 3 号蛋白（NLRP3）炎性小体和 NF-κB 信号通路，以及它们在几种 CID 中的作用。此外，我们还讨论了苯并[c]咔唑-6-酮研究中的局限性，并提供了可能的解决方案。此外，还提出了一个可能的未来研究方向的观点。这项工作可能有助于进一步研究苯并[c]咔唑-6-酮的机制，并为其在 CID 治疗中的可能治疗应用提供依据。
