Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy.
Dipartimento di Chimica, Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
Molecules. 2023 Apr 14;28(8):3459. doi: 10.3390/molecules28083459.
The synthesis of heterocycles is a fundamental area of organic chemistry that offers enormous potential for the discovery of new products with important applications in our daily life such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, flavors, dyes, and, more generally, engineered materials with innovative properties. As heterocyclic compounds find application across multiple industries and are prepared in very large quantities, the development of sustainable approaches for their synthesis has become a crucial objective for contemporary green chemistry committed to reducing the environmental impact of chemical processes. In this context, the present review focuses on the recent methodologies aimed at preparing -, - and -heterocyclic compounds in Deep Eutectic Solvents, a new class of ionic solvents that are non-volatile, non-toxic, easy to prepare, easy to recycle, and can be obtained from renewable sources. Emphasis has been placed on those processes that prioritize the recycling of catalyst and solvent, as they offer the dual benefit of promoting synthetic efficiency while demonstrating environmental responsibility.
杂环合成是有机化学的一个基础领域，具有巨大的潜力，可以发现具有重要应用的新产品，如药物、农用化学品、香料、染料，更广泛地说，还可以发现具有创新性能的工程材料。由于杂环化合物在多个行业中得到应用，并且其制备量非常大，因此开发可持续的合成方法已成为当代绿色化学的一个关键目标，致力于减少化学过程对环境的影响。在这方面，本综述重点介绍了近年来在深共晶溶剂中制备 -、- 和 -杂环化合物的最新方法，深共晶溶剂是一类新型离子溶剂，具有非挥发性、低毒性、易于制备、易于回收，并且可以从可再生资源中获得。本综述重点介绍了那些优先考虑催化剂和溶剂回收的工艺，因为它们在提高合成效率的同时，还具有环保责任的双重优势。
