Department of Exercise Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
Nutrients. 2023 Apr 15;15(8):1911. doi: 10.3390/nu15081911.
Hunger and satiety are controlled by several physiological mechanisms, including pancreatic and gastrointestinal hormones. While the influence of exercise and fasting have been described individually, in relation to these hormones, there is a paucity of work showing the effects of the two modalities (fasting and exercise) combined. Twenty healthy adults (11 males, 9 females) completed both conditions of this study, each consisting of a 36-h water-only fast. One of the fasts began with treadmill exercise, and the differences between the conditions on various appetite hormones were measured every 12 h. The difference in the area under the curve between conditions for ghrelin was 211.8 ± 73.1 pg/mL (F = 8.40, < 0.0105), and, for GLP-1, it was -1867.9 ± 850.4 pg/mL (F = 4.82, < 0.0422). No significant differences were noted for areas under the curve between conditions for leptin, PP, PYY, insulin, or GIP. Initiating a fast with exercise lowers ghrelin concentrations and elevates GLP-1 concentrations. Given that ghrelin elicits feelings of hunger and GLP-1 signals feelings of satiety, adding exercise to the beginning of a fast may reduce some of the biological drive of hunger, which could make fasting more tolerable, leading to better adherence and more significant health outcomes.
饥饿和饱腹感受多种生理机制控制，包括胰腺和胃肠激素。虽然运动和禁食的影响已分别进行了描述，但关于这些激素，很少有研究显示两种方式（禁食和运动）结合的效果。20 名健康成年人（11 名男性，9 名女性）完成了这项研究的两种条件，每种条件都包括 36 小时的纯水禁食。其中一次禁食前进行了跑步机运动，每隔 12 小时测量两种条件下各种食欲激素的差异。胃饥饿素曲线下面积的差异为 211.8 ± 73.1 pg/mL（F = 8.40， < 0.0105），GLP-1 的差异为 -1867.9 ± 850.4 pg/mL（F = 4.82， < 0.0422）。在瘦素、PP、PYY、胰岛素或 GIP 的曲线下面积方面，两种条件之间没有显著差异。在禁食前进行运动可以降低胃饥饿素浓度并升高 GLP-1 浓度。鉴于胃饥饿素会引起饥饿感，而 GLP-1 则会发出饱腹感信号，因此在禁食开始时增加运动可能会减少一些饥饿的生理驱动力，这可能会使禁食更能忍受，从而提高依从性并产生更显著的健康结果。
