Division of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 48/50, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland.
Department of Neonatology, J. Gromkowski Provincial Specialist Hospital, Koszarowa 5, 51-149 Wroclaw, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Mar 29;25(7):3853. doi: 10.3390/ijms25073853.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complex metabolic disorder that has short- and long-term effects on maternal and offspring health. This study aimed to assess the impact of maternal hyperglycemia severity, classified as GDM-G1 (diet treatment) and GDM-G2 (insulin treatment) on colostral appetite-regulating molecules. Colostrum samples were collected from hyperglycemic (N = 30) and normoglycemic (N = 21) mothers, and the concentrations of milk hormones were determined by immunoenzymatic assay. A difference was found for milk ghrelin, but not for molecules such as adiponectin, leptin, resistin, or IGF-I levels, in relation to maternal hyperglycemia. The colostral ghrelin in the GDM-G1 cohort (0.21 ng/mL) was significantly lower than for GDM-G2 (0.38 ng/mL) and non-GDM groups (0.36 ng/mL). However, colostral resistin was higher, but not significantly, for GDM-G1 (13.33 ng/mL) and GDM-G2 (12.81 ng/mL) cohorts than for normoglycemic mothers (7.89 ng/mL). The lack of difference in relation to hyperglycemia for milk leptin, adiponectin, leptin-adiponectin ratio, resistin, and IGF-I levels might be the outcome of effective treatment of GDM during pregnancy. The shift between ghrelin and other appetite-regulating hormones might translate into altered ability to regulate energy balance, affecting offspring's metabolic homeostasis.
妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是一种复杂的代谢紊乱，对母婴健康有短期和长期的影响。本研究旨在评估母体高血糖严重程度（分为 GDM-G1（饮食治疗）和 GDM-G2（胰岛素治疗））对初乳食欲调节分子的影响。从高血糖（N = 30）和正常血糖（N = 21）的母亲中收集初乳样本，并通过免疫酶联测定法测定乳汁激素的浓度。发现与母体高血糖有关的乳汁 ghrelin 存在差异，但 adiponectin、leptin、resistin 或 IGF-I 水平等分子没有差异。GDM-G1 队列（0.21ng/mL）的初乳 ghrelin 明显低于 GDM-G2（0.38ng/mL）和非 GDM 组（0.36ng/mL）。然而，初乳 resistin 在 GDM-G1（13.33ng/mL）和 GDM-G2（12.81ng/mL）队列中高于但不显著高于正常血糖母亲（7.89ng/mL）。高血糖与乳汁 leptin、adiponectin、leptin-adiponectin 比值、resistin 和 IGF-I 水平之间缺乏差异可能是妊娠期 GDM 有效治疗的结果。ghrelin 和其他食欲调节激素之间的转变可能转化为调节能量平衡的能力改变，影响后代的代谢稳态。
