Department of Maternity and Childhood Nursing, Nursing College, Najran University, Najran 66441, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Applied Medical Sciences College, Najran University, Najran 66441, Saudi Arabia.
Nutrients. 2023 Apr 15;15(8):1919. doi: 10.3390/nu15081919.
Many factors have been found to correlate with satisfactory Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) practices. The relationships between EBF practices and associated factors are complex and multidimensional; Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy (BSE) is the most important psychological factor that may help the mother to overcome any expected barriers. This study investigates the determinants of high breastfeeding self-efficacy among Saudi nursing mothers.
This is a descriptive cross-sectional study investigating the determinant of BSE among 1577 nursing mothers in primary health centers in Najran City, Saudi Arabia. The study uses a cluster random sampling technique. Data collection was performed from June 2022 to January 2023 using a self-reported questionnaire that encompasses the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF), Gender Friendly Breastfeeding Knowledge Scale (GFBKS), Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS), and a basic data questionnaire to assess women's demographic factors and obstetric history.
The mean score for all BSES-SF items was between 3.23-3.41, the highest mean score was in mothers who felt comfortable breastfeeding with family members present (3.41 ± 1.06), and the lowest mean was in mothers who could breastfeed their baby without using formula as a supplement (3.23 ± 0.94). The overall BSE score was high among 67% of the study participants. Binary logistic regression showed that being a housewife, being highly educated, having breastfeeding experience, and being multiparous are positive predictors for high BSE ( ≤ 0.001). In addition, having adequate breastfeeding knowledge and positive breastfeeding attitudes were positively associated with higher BSE = 0.000).
BSE can be predicted by modifiable predictors such as mothers' education, working status, parity, breastfeeding experience, adequate breastfeeding knowledge, and positive attitudes toward breastfeeding. If such predictors are considered during breastfeeding-related educational interventions, it could lead to more effective and sustainable effects in community awareness regarding breastfeeding.
许多因素已被发现与满意的纯母乳喂养（EBF）实践相关。EBF 实践与相关因素之间的关系是复杂和多维的；母乳喂养自我效能（BSE）是最重要的心理因素，它可以帮助母亲克服任何预期的障碍。本研究调查了沙特哺乳期母亲高母乳喂养自我效能的决定因素。
这是一项描述性的横断面研究，调查了沙特纳季兰市初级保健中心的 1577 名哺乳期母亲的 BSE 决定因素。该研究使用了聚类随机抽样技术。数据收集于 2022 年 6 月至 2023 年 1 月进行，使用了自我报告问卷，包括母乳喂养自我效能量表-短表（BSES-SF）、性别友好母乳喂养知识量表（GFBKS）、爱荷华婴儿喂养态度量表（IIFAS）和一个基本数据问卷，以评估妇女的人口统计学因素和产科史。
所有 BSES-SF 项目的平均得分为 3.23-3.41，最高平均得分是在有家庭成员在场时感到舒适母乳喂养的母亲（3.41 ± 1.06），最低平均得分是在可以不使用配方奶作为补充喂养婴儿的母亲（3.23 ± 0.94）。67%的研究参与者的总体 BSE 得分较高。二元逻辑回归显示，家庭主妇、受过高等教育、有母乳喂养经验和多产是 BSE 高的积极预测因素（≤0.001）。此外，有足够的母乳喂养知识和积极的母乳喂养态度与更高的 BSE 呈正相关（=0.000）。
BSE 可以通过可改变的预测因素来预测，如母亲的教育、工作状况、产次、母乳喂养经验、足够的母乳喂养知识和对母乳喂养的积极态度。如果在与母乳喂养相关的教育干预中考虑到这些预测因素，可能会对社区对母乳喂养的认识产生更有效和可持续的影响。
