National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100050, China.
Chinese Nutrition Society, Beijing 100050, China.
Nutrients. 2023 Apr 19;15(8):1977. doi: 10.3390/nu15081977.
Vitamin K is an essential fat-soluble vitamin for the human body and its functions, such as promoting blood coagulation, bone health and preventing atherosclerosis, have attracted increasing attention. However, there is no recognized indicator and corresponding reference range for evaluating vitamin K status of different populations at present. The aim of this study is to establish a reference range for vitamin K evaluating indicators in healthy women of childbearing age in China.
The population sample in this study was from the Chinese Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance (CACDNS) 2015-2017. A total of 631 healthy women of childbearing age (18-49 years) were included using a series of strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. The concentrations of VK1, MK-4 and MK-7 in serum were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The other commonly-reported indicators evaluating vitamin K nutritional status, including undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), osteocalcin (OC), matrix Gla protein (MGP), desphosphorylated undercaboxylated MGP (dp-ucMGP) and protein induced by vitamin K absence II (PIVKA-II), were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The reference range was obtained by calculating the 2.5% to 97.5% interval of the vitamin K evaluating indicators in the reference population.
The reference ranges of VK1, MK-4 and MK-7 in serum were 0.21-3.07 ng/mL, 0.02-0.24 ng/mL and 0.12-3.54 ng/mL, respectively. The reference ranges of ucOC, %ucOC, dp-ucMGP and PIVKA-II were 1.09-2.51 ng/mL, 5.80-22.78%, 2.69-5.88 ng/mL and 3.98-8.40 ng/mL, respectively. The cut-off values that can be used to evaluate subclinical vitamin K deficiency were as follows: VK1 < 0.21 ng/mL, MK-7 < 0.12 ng/mL, ucOC > 2.51 ng/mL, %ucOC > 22.78%, dp-ucMGP > 5.88 ng/mL and PIVKA-II > 8.40 ng/mL.
The reference range of VK1, MK-4, MK-7 and vitamin K-related indicators for healthy women of childbearing age established in this study could be used to assess the nutritional and health status of this population.
维生素 K 是人体必需的脂溶性维生素，其促进血液凝固、骨骼健康和预防动脉粥样硬化等功能越来越受到关注。然而，目前对于不同人群的维生素 K 状态评估尚无公认的指标和相应的参考范围。本研究旨在建立中国育龄期健康女性维生素 K 评价指标的参考范围。
本研究的人群样本来自中国成人慢性病与营养监测（CACDNS）2015-2017 年的数据。采用一系列严格的纳入和排除标准，共纳入 631 名 18-49 岁的健康育龄期女性。采用液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）检测血清中 VK1、MK-4 和 MK-7 的浓度。采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测其他常用的维生素 K 营养状况评价指标，包括非羧化骨钙素（ucOC）、骨钙素（OC）、基质 Gla 蛋白（MGP）、去磷酸化非羧化基质 Gla 蛋白（dp-ucMGP）和维生素 K 缺乏诱导蛋白 II（PIVKA-II）。通过计算参考人群中维生素 K 评价指标的 2.5%至 97.5%区间获得参考范围。
血清中 VK1、MK-4 和 MK-7 的参考范围分别为 0.21-3.07ng/mL、0.02-0.24ng/mL 和 0.12-3.54ng/mL。ucOC、%ucOC、dp-ucMGP 和 PIVKA-II 的参考范围分别为 1.09-2.51ng/mL、5.80-22.78%、2.69-5.88ng/mL 和 3.98-8.40ng/mL。可用于评估亚临床维生素 K 缺乏的截断值如下：VK1<0.21ng/mL、MK-7<0.12ng/mL、ucOC>2.51ng/mL、%ucOC>22.78%、dp-ucMGP>5.88ng/mL 和 PIVKA-II>8.40ng/mL。
本研究建立的中国育龄期健康女性 VK1、MK-4、MK-7 及维生素 K 相关指标的参考范围可用于评估该人群的营养和健康状况。
