Effect of Supplementation of Vitamin D in Patients with Periodontitis Evaluated before and after Nonsurgical Therapy.

BACKGROUND

Vitamin D has anti-inflammatory properties and the potential to increase the generation of antimicrobial peptides like cathelicidin and defensins that may have a good impact on oral health. Higher vitamin D consumption has also been linked to a reduced risk of periodontal disease progression. Hence, the primary objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical and laboratory parameters of oral supplementation of vitamin D as an adjuvant to scaling and root planing and to assess the bone mineral density via qualitative ultrasound bone density scanner in chronic periodontitis patients. . This study included 40 patients with periodontitis categorized into 2 groups with twenty patients each, Group I comprising scaling and root planing (SRP) alone and Group II comprising SRP along with vitamin D supplementation. Plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss was measured as clinical parameters. Serum vitamin D levels were assessed before and after SRP at both baseline and 6 weeks.

RESULTS

The intergroup comparison of clinical parameters (PI, GI, PPD, and CAL) at 6 weeks for both the groups showed statistical significance. Intragroup comparison of clinical parameters from baseline to 6 weeks showed a statistically significant reduction in both groups. The mean bone mineral density level in both the control and test groups demonstrated a mean score of -1.3 and -1.21, respectively. The mean vitamin D levels were 27.8460 and 28.1020 for the test and control groups, respectively, which was statistically insignificant ( = 0.705) and those at six-week intervals improved to 31.3650 and 28.0240 which were statistically significant ( ≤ 0.001).

CONCLUSION

It could be stated that a positive relationship exists between periodontitis and osteopenia which could aggravate periodontal destruction. All periodontitis cases should thus be evaluated for BMD and supplemented with vitamin D in an appropriate dosage and time frame to treat both these diseases.