Khan Ishrat, Harshithkumar R, More Ashwini, Mukherjee Anupam
Division of Virology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India.
Pathogens. 2023 Apr 6;12(4):564. doi: 10.3390/pathogens12040564.
HPV, or Human Papilloma Virus, has been the primary causative agent of genital warts and cervical cancer worldwide. It is a sexually transmitted infection mainly affecting women of reproductive age group, also infecting men and high-risk group individuals globally, resulting in high mortality. In recent years, HPV has also been found to be the major culprit behind anogenital cancers in both gender and oropharyngeal and colorectal cancers. Few studies have reported the incidence of HPV in breast cancers as well. For a few decades, the burden of HPV-associated malignancies has been increasing at an alarming rate due to a lack of adequate awareness, famine vaccine coverage and hesitancy. The effectiveness of currently available vaccines has been limited to prophylactic efficacy and does not prevent malignancies associated with post-exposure persistent infection. This review focuses on the current burden of HPV-associated malignancies, their causes and strategies to combat the growing prevalence of the cancers. With the advent of new technologies associated with treatment pertaining to therapeutic interventions and employing effective vaccine coverage, the burden of this disease may be reduced in the population.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）是全球范围内引起尖锐湿疣和宫颈癌的主要病原体。它是一种性传播感染，主要影响育龄期女性，在全球范围内也感染男性和高危人群，导致高死亡率。近年来，HPV还被发现是两性肛门生殖器癌以及口咽癌和结直肠癌的主要罪魁祸首。也有少数研究报告了乳腺癌中HPV的发病率。几十年来，由于缺乏足够的认识、疫苗接种覆盖率低和疫苗犹豫，HPV相关恶性肿瘤的负担一直在以惊人的速度增加。目前可用疫苗的有效性仅限于预防功效，无法预防与暴露后持续感染相关的恶性肿瘤。本综述重点关注HPV相关恶性肿瘤的当前负担、其病因以及应对癌症患病率不断上升的策略。随着与治疗性干预措施相关的新技术的出现以及采用有效的疫苗接种覆盖率，这种疾病在人群中的负担可能会减轻。
