Section of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
J Med Virol. 2022 Sep;94(9):4478-4484. doi: 10.1002/jmv.27837. Epub 2022 May 16.
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the prevalence of human papillomaviruses (HPV) infection is between 9% and 13% of the world population and only in the United States, more than 6.2 million are positive every year. There are more than 100 types of HPV, among them, two serotypes (16 and 18) are related to 70% of cervical cancers and precancerous cervical lesions. The vaginal microbiota could play a considerable role in HPV infection and the genesis of cervical tumors caused by HPV. Moreover, bacteria are strongly associated with vaginal inflammation and oncogenic mutations in human cells. We aim to investigate whether HPV infection could influence the bacterial microbiota composition in the uterine cervix. A total of 31 women were enrolled in this study. The vaginal swabs were collected; the HPV-DNA was extracted with QIAamp DNA Microbiome. The V3-V4-V6 region of the 16S rDNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing with MiSeq Illumina. The main phylum identified in the vaginal microbiota were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. The phylum of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroides was more represented in HPV-positive patients. Lactobacilli represented the dominant genus, with a high percentage of Lactobacilli iners, Lactobacilli jensenii, and Lactobacilli crispatus as species. Gardnerella vaginalis, Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Proteus spp., and Atopobium were the most represented in HPV-positive patients. An altered vaginal microbiota might play a functional role in HPV cervical infection, progression, and clearance. The relationship between infection and microbiota could spur the development of new probiotics. However, further studies are needed to clarify the role of the vaginal microbiota in HPV infection.
世界卫生组织（WHO）估计，人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染的流行率在世界人口中为 9%至 13%，仅在美国，每年就有超过 620 万人呈阳性。HPV 有 100 多种类型，其中两种血清型（16 型和 18 型）与 70%的宫颈癌和宫颈癌前病变有关。阴道微生物群可能在 HPV 感染和 HPV 引起的宫颈癌肿瘤发生中起重要作用。此外，细菌与阴道炎症和人类细胞的致癌突变密切相关。我们旨在研究 HPV 感染是否会影响子宫颈的细菌微生物群组成。共有 31 名女性参与了这项研究。采集阴道拭子；使用 QIAamp DNA Microbiome 提取 HPV-DNA。通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增 16S rDNA 基因的 V3-V4-V6 区，然后用 MiSeq Illumina 进行测序。阴道微生物群中主要的门是厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、变形菌门和放线菌门。HPV 阳性患者的放线菌门、变形菌门和拟杆菌门较多。乳杆菌属代表优势属，其中乳杆菌属 iners、乳杆菌属 jensenii 和乳杆菌属 crispatus 等物种的比例较高。加德纳菌属、肠球菌属、葡萄球菌属、变形杆菌属和阿托波菌属在 HPV 阳性患者中最为常见。改变的阴道微生物群可能在 HPV 宫颈感染、进展和清除中发挥功能作用。感染与微生物群之间的关系可能会促进新益生菌的开发。然而，需要进一步的研究来阐明阴道微生物群在 HPV 感染中的作用。
