Effects of the Loss of Binocular and Motion Parallax on Static Postural Stability.

Depth information is important for postural stability and is generated by two visual systems: binocular and motion parallax. The effect of each type of parallax on postural stability remains unclear. We investigated the effects of binocular and motion parallax loss on static postural stability using a virtual reality (VR) system with a head-mounted display (HMD). A total of 24 healthy young adults were asked to stand still on a foam surface fixed on a force plate. They wore an HMD and faced a visual background in the VR system under four visual test conditions: normal vision (Control), absence of motion parallax (Non-MP)/binocular parallax (Non-BP), and absence of both motion and binocular parallax (Non-P). The sway area and velocity in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions of the center-of-pressure displacements were measured. All postural stability measurements were significantly higher under the Non-MP and Non-P conditions than those under the Control and Non-BP conditions, with no significant differences in the postural stability measurements between the Control and Non-BP conditions. In conclusion, motion parallax has a more prominent effect on static postural stability than binocular parallax, which clarifies the underlying mechanisms of postural instability and informs the development of rehabilitation methods for people with visual impairments.