Suppr超能文献

用于人体平衡控制的感觉统合

Sensory integration for human balance control.

作者信息

Peterka Robert J

机构信息

National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research, VA Portland Health Care System; and Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.

出版信息

Handb Clin Neurol. 2018;159:27-42. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63916-5.00002-1.

Abstract

The upright stance position is inherently unstable since the smallest deviation from a perfect upright orientation produces forces due to gravity that accelerate the body toward the ground. Stability is achieved by generating appropriate joint torques that correct for deviations from a desired orientation with orientation changes detected by sensory systems (primarily somatosensory/proprioceptive, visual, and vestibular systems). Functionally, balance control can be viewed as a closed-loop feedback control system with the integration of different sources of sensory orientation information being one component of the overall system, but with the system's feedback nature placing constraints on the sensory integration process. Analysis of body sway evoked by balance perturbations allows for the measurement of "sensory weights" that represent the relative contributions of different sensory systems to an internal estimate of orientation that, in turn, is used to generate corrective actions. Experiments reveal that sensory weights are not fixed quantities, but vary as a function of environmental and experimental conditions as well as neurologic disorders that affect the quality of sensory information available from different sensory systems. Because environmental conditions can change rapidly, sensory reweighting must also occur rapidly enough to prevent instability due to an under- or overproduction of corrective action.

摘要

直立姿势本质上是不稳定的,因为即使是与完美直立方向的最小偏差也会由于重力产生使身体加速向地面运动的力。通过产生适当的关节扭矩来实现稳定性,这些扭矩可纠正与期望方向的偏差,而方向变化是由感觉系统(主要是躯体感觉/本体感觉、视觉和前庭系统)检测到的。从功能上讲,平衡控制可被视为一个闭环反馈控制系统,不同来源的感觉方向信息的整合是整个系统的一个组成部分,但系统的反馈性质对感觉整合过程施加了限制。对平衡扰动引起的身体摆动进行分析,可以测量“感觉权重”,这些权重代表不同感觉系统对内部方向估计的相对贡献,而内部方向估计又反过来用于产生纠正动作。实验表明,感觉权重不是固定不变的量,而是会随着环境和实验条件以及影响不同感觉系统可用感觉信息质量的神经系统疾病而变化。由于环境条件可能迅速改变,感觉重新加权也必须足够迅速地发生,以防止由于纠正动作产生不足或过度而导致的不稳定。

文献AI研究员

20分钟写一篇综述,助力文献阅读效率提升50倍。

立即体验

用中文搜PubMed

大模型驱动的PubMed中文搜索引擎

马上搜索

文档翻译

学术文献翻译模型,支持多种主流文档格式。

立即体验