Ismail Usman M, Elnakar Haitham, Khan Muhammad Faizan
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Construction and Building Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
Toxics. 2023 Mar 31;11(4):335. doi: 10.3390/toxics11040335.
The occurrence of sand and dust storms (SDSs) is essential for the geochemical cycling of nutrients; however, it is considered a meteorological hazard common to arid regions because of the adverse impacts that SDSs brings with them. One common implication of SDSs is the transport and disposition of aerosols coated with anthropogenic contaminants. Studies have reported the presence of such contaminants in desert dust; however, similar findings related to ubiquitous emerging contaminants, such as per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), have been relatively scarce in the literature. This article reviews and identifies the potential sources of dust-associated PFAS that can accumulate and spread across SDS-prone regions. Furthermore, PFAS exposure routes and their toxicity through bioaccumulation in rodents and mammals are discussed. The major challenge when dealing with emerging contaminants is their quantification and analysis from different environmental media, and these PFAS include known and unknown precursors that need to be quantified. Consequently, a review of various analytical methods capable of detecting different PFAS compounds embedded in various matrices is provided. This review will provide researchers with valuable information relevant to the presence, toxicity, and quantification of dust-associated PFAS to develop appropriate mitigation measures.
沙尘暴（SDSs）的发生对于养分的地球化学循环至关重要；然而，由于沙尘暴带来的不利影响，它被视为干旱地区常见的气象灾害。沙尘暴的一个常见影响是携带人为污染物的气溶胶的传输和沉降。研究报告了沙漠尘埃中存在此类污染物；然而，文献中关于全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）等普遍存在的新兴污染物的类似发现相对较少。本文回顾并确定了与尘埃相关的PFAS的潜在来源，这些来源可能在沙尘暴频发地区积累和扩散。此外，还讨论了PFAS的暴露途径及其通过在啮齿动物和哺乳动物体内生物累积产生的毒性。处理新兴污染物时的主要挑战是对其在不同环境介质中的定量和分析，而这些PFAS包括需要定量的已知和未知前体。因此，本文综述了能够检测嵌入各种基质中的不同PFAS化合物的各种分析方法。这篇综述将为研究人员提供与尘埃相关的PFAS的存在、毒性和定量相关的有价值信息，以制定适当的缓解措施。
