School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Environ Pollut. 2019 Nov;254(Pt A):112873. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.041. Epub 2019 Jul 18.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous in the environmental matrix, and their eco-toxicity on wide life and health risks on humans arising concerns. Due to the information gap, current risk assessments of PFAS ignore the indoor exposure pathway such as indoor dust and the different sources of drinking water. We collected and analyzed 168 indoor dust and 27 drinking water samples (including tap water, filtered water and bottled water). The mean concentrations of six typical PFAS measured in indoor dust and drinking water are in the range of 15.13-491.07 ng g and 0.31-4.14 ng L, respectively. For drinking water, PFOA and PFOS were the dominant compounds, while PFHxS was the most abundant in indoor dust. Short-chain PFAS concentrations were higher than long-chain PFAS in both drinking water and indoor dust. Higher concentration of PFAS was observed in tap water and filtered water than bottled water. The total daily intake (TDI) of six PFAS are 20.67-52.97 ng kg d for infants, children, teenagers, and adults. As to children, teenagers, and adults, perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) is the major compound, accounting for 72.9-74.7% of the total daily intake. And PFOA (38.7%) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS, 42.2%) are the dominant PFAS for infants. The quantitative proportions of exposure sources are firstly revealed in this study, which in the order of foodstuff > indoor dust > drinking water > indoor air. Although the contribution to the PFAS intake of drinking water and indoor dust was not predominant (<9%), the health risks caused by long-term exposure need our attention. The hazard quotient (HQ) values of total PFAS were in the range of 0.154-0.498, which suggesting the relatively lower exposure risk in Chinese population. This study provides important reference to understand PFAS exposure status other than foodstuff.
全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）在环境基质中无处不在，其对广泛的生命和人类健康风险的生态毒性引起了关注。由于信息差距，目前对 PFAS 的风险评估忽略了室内暴露途径，如室内灰尘和不同来源的饮用水。我们采集和分析了 168 份室内灰尘和 27 份饮用水样本（包括自来水、过滤水和瓶装水）。室内灰尘和饮用水中六种典型 PFAS 的平均浓度分别在 15.13-491.07ng/g 和 0.31-4.14ng/L 之间。对于饮用水，PFOA 和 PFOS 是主要化合物，而 PFHxS 是室内灰尘中最丰富的。短链 PFAS 的浓度在饮用水和室内灰尘中均高于长链 PFAS。自来水和过滤水的 PFAS 浓度高于瓶装水。六类 PFAS 的总日摄入量（TDI）分别为婴儿、儿童、青少年和成年人 20.67-52.97ng/kg/d。对于儿童、青少年和成年人，全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOA）是主要化合物，占总日摄入量的 72.9-74.7%。对于婴儿，全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOA）（38.7%）和全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS，42.2%）是主要的 PFAS。本研究首次揭示了暴露源的定量比例，按食物>室内灰尘>饮用水>室内空气的顺序排列。尽管饮用水和室内灰尘对 PFAS 摄入量的贡献并不占主导地位（<9%），但长期暴露所带来的健康风险仍需要我们关注。总 PFAS 的危害商（HQ）值在 0.154-0.498 之间，这表明中国人群的暴露风险相对较低。本研究为了解食物以外的 PFAS 暴露状况提供了重要参考。
