Brito Carina, Lourenço Camila, Magalhães Joana, Reis Salette, Borges Margarida
UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Mar 25;11(4):733. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11040733.
Nanoparticles include particles ranging in size from nanometers to micrometers, whose physicochemical characteristics are optimized to make them appropriate delivery vehicles for drugs or immunogens important in the fight and/or prevention of infectious diseases. There has been a rise in the use of nanoparticles in preventive vaccine formulations as immunostimulatory adjuvants, and as vehicles for immunogen delivery to target immune cells. is important worldwide, and may cause human toxoplasmosis. In immunocompetent hosts, infection is usually asymptomatic, but in immunocompromised patients it can cause serious neurological and ocular consequences, such as encephalitis and retinochoroiditis. Primary infection during pregnancy may cause abortion or congenital toxoplasmosis. Currently, there is no effective human vaccine against this disease. Evidence has emerged from several experimental studies testing nanovaccines showing them to be promising tools in the prevention of experimental toxoplasmosis. For the present study, a literature review was carried out on articles published over the last 10 years through the PubMed database, pertaining to experimental models of infection where nanovaccines were tested and protection and immune responses evaluated. This review aims to highlight the way forward in the search for an effective vaccine for toxoplasmosis.
纳米颗粒包括大小从纳米到微米不等的颗粒，其物理化学特性经过优化，使其成为用于输送对防治传染病至关重要的药物或免疫原的合适载体。纳米颗粒在预防性疫苗制剂中作为免疫刺激佐剂以及作为将免疫原递送至靶免疫细胞的载体的应用有所增加。[此处缺失疾病名称]在全球范围内都很重要，可能会导致人类弓形虫病。在免疫功能正常的宿主中，感染通常无症状，但在免疫功能低下的患者中，它可导致严重的神经和眼部后果，如脑炎和视网膜脉络膜炎。孕期初次感染可能导致流产或先天性弓形虫病。目前，尚无针对这种疾病的有效人类疫苗。多项测试纳米疫苗的实验研究已得出证据，表明它们是预防实验性弓形虫病的有前景的工具。对于本研究，通过PubMed数据库对过去10年发表的文章进行了文献综述，这些文章涉及测试纳米疫苗并评估其保护作用和免疫反应的[疾病名称]感染实验模型。本综述旨在突出寻找有效弓形虫病疫苗的前进方向。
