Yaugel-Novoa Melyssa, Noailly Blandine, Jospin Fabienne, Berger Anne-Emmanuelle, Waeckel Louis, Botelho-Nevers Elisabeth, Longet Stéphanie, Bourlet Thomas, Paul Stéphane
CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France.
Immunology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, F42055 Saint-Etienne, France.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Mar 31;11(4):773. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11040773.
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) can increase the rates and severity of infection with various viruses, including coronaviruses, such as MERS. Some in vitro studies on COVID-19 have suggested that prior immunization enhances SARS-CoV-2 infection, but preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the contrary. We studied a cohort of COVID-19 patients and a cohort of vaccinated individuals with a heterologous (Moderna/Pfizer) or homologous (Pfizer/Pfizer) vaccination scheme. The dependence on IgG or IgA of ADE of infection was evaluated on the serum samples from these subjects (twenty-six vaccinated individuals and twenty-one PCR-positive SARS-CoV-2-infected patients) using an in vitro model with CD16- or CD89-expressing cells and the Delta (B.1.617.2 lineage) and Omicron (B.1.1.529 lineage) variants of SARS-CoV-2. Sera from COVID-19 patients did not show ADE of infection with any of the tested viral variants. Some serum samples from vaccinated individuals displayed a mild IgA-ADE effect with Omicron after the second dose of the vaccine, but this effect was abolished after the completion of the full vaccination scheme. In this study, FcγRIIIa- and FcαRI-dependent ADE of SARS-CoV-2 infection after prior immunization, which might increase the risk of severe disease in a second natural infection, was not observed.
抗体依赖增强作用（ADE）可提高包括冠状病毒（如中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒）在内的多种病毒的感染率和严重程度。一些关于2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的体外研究表明，先前的免疫接种会增强严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）感染，但临床前和临床研究结果却相反。我们研究了一组COVID-19患者以及一组采用异源（Moderna/辉瑞）或同源（辉瑞/辉瑞）疫苗接种方案的接种疫苗个体。使用表达CD16或CD89的细胞以及SARS-CoV-2的Delta（B.1.617.2谱系）和Omicron（B.1.1.529谱系）变体的体外模型，对这些受试者（26名接种疫苗个体和21名PCR检测呈阳性的SARS-CoV-2感染患者）的血清样本评估感染的ADE对IgG或IgA的依赖性。COVID-19患者的血清未显示对任何测试病毒变体的感染具有ADE。接种疫苗个体的一些血清样本在接种第二剂疫苗后对Omicron显示出轻微的IgA-ADE效应，但在完成全程疫苗接种方案后，这种效应消失。在本研究中，未观察到先前免疫接种后SARS-CoV-2感染的FcγRIIIa和FcαRI依赖性ADE，而这种ADE可能会增加再次自然感染时出现重症疾病的风险。
