Højlyng N, Mølbak K, Jepsen S
J Clin Microbiol. 1986 Jun;23(6):1109-13. doi: 10.1128/jcm.23.6.1109-1113.1986.
This report presents results from a sample survey designed to investigate the possible role of Cryptosporidium spp. in childhood diarrhea in a developing country, Liberia, West Africa. During the four months of January to April 1983, a house-to-house study was carried out in two geographically and socially different communities--an urban slum and three rural villages. Stool samples from 374 children, aged 6 to 59 months, were tested for Cryptosporidium spp. Among the children with diarrhea 8.4% were Cryptosporidium spp. positive compared with a prevalence rate of 5.9% in asymptomatic children. Of the children living in a household with a Cryptosporidium spp.-positive index child, 8.6% had a positive stool sample. Of all children attending a clinic because of diarrhea, 14.6% were Cryptosporidium spp. positive. Cryptosporidiosis was more frequent in younger children; 24 of the total of 29 positive cases (83%) were below 2.5 years old. Actual or previous bottle feeding (formula) was a risk factor, particularly in children below 18 months old. Of the bottle-fed children, 28% were Cryptosporidium spp. positive versus 9.1% of children never bottle fed. Crowding is another possible risk factor. The prevalence of cryptosporidiosis was 13.5% in big urban households with more than 10 children, whereas the prevalence in the small urban households was 6.1%. Ethnic and religious differences were particularly evident in the rural area. No Muslim households had cryptosporidiosis, whereas the prevalence in non-Muslim tribes was 9%. The general belief that cryptosporidiosis is primarily a zoonosis is questioned in this study, partly because many carriers and asymptomatic household contacts were found.
本报告展示了一项抽样调查的结果，该调查旨在研究隐孢子虫属在西非发展中国家利比里亚儿童腹泻中可能起到的作用。在1983年1月至4月的四个月期间，在两个地理和社会情况不同的社区——一个城市贫民窟和三个乡村开展了挨家挨户的研究。对374名年龄在6至59个月的儿童的粪便样本进行了隐孢子虫属检测。腹泻儿童中8.4%隐孢子虫属呈阳性，无症状儿童的患病率为5.9%。在与隐孢子虫属呈阳性的索引儿童同处一户的儿童中，8.6%的粪便样本呈阳性。在因腹泻前往诊所就诊的所有儿童中，14.6%隐孢子虫属呈阳性。隐孢子虫病在幼儿中更为常见；29例阳性病例中共有24例（83%）年龄在2.5岁以下。实际或既往采用奶瓶喂养（配方奶）是一个风险因素，尤其在18个月以下的儿童中。在采用奶瓶喂养的儿童中，28%隐孢子虫属呈阳性，而从未采用奶瓶喂养的儿童中这一比例为9.1%。拥挤是另一个可能的风险因素。在有10名以上儿童的大型城市家庭中，隐孢子虫病的患病率为13.5%，而小型城市家庭中的患病率为6.1%。种族和宗教差异在农村地区尤为明显。没有穆斯林家庭出现隐孢子虫病，而非穆斯林部落中的患病率为9%。本研究对隐孢子虫病主要是人畜共患病这一普遍观点提出了质疑，部分原因是发现了许多携带者和无症状的家庭接触者。
