33 个欧洲国家未记录的酒精使用情况：对一项涉及 49000 名饮酒者的比较调查的分析。

Unrecorded alcohol use in 33 European countries: Analyses of a comparative survey with 49,000 people who use alcohol.

机构信息

Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research (ZIS), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstraße 10, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.

Grup de Recerca en Addicions Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Rosselló, 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.

出版信息

Int J Drug Policy. 2023 Jun;116:104028. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104028. Epub 2023 Apr 26.

DOI:10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104028

PMID:37116403

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Using data from 33 European countries (including all EU member states), this study aimed to 1) estimate the prevalence of unrecorded alcohol use among past-week alcohol users, 2) describe how unrecorded alcohol use is associated with drinking patterns, and 3) estimate the contribution of unrecorded alcohol to the total amount of alcohol consumed annually in these countries.

METHODS

Data from 25,728 adults who drank alcohol in the past week and self-reported their use of unrecorded alcohol in 2021 were analysed. Prevalence of unrecorded alcohol use in the last week was estimated for those with low, medium, and high risk drinking categorised using the WHO-recommended risk thresholds and definition of risky single occasion drinking. Prevalence estimates were weighted for the country-specific gender, age, and geographical population distribution. An adjusted weighted proportion of unrecorded drinking occasions in total drinking occasions was calculated and compared to 2020 recorded annual per capita consumption estimates.

RESULTS

Among past-week alcohol users, the average prevalence of past-week unrecorded alcohol use was 12.1% (95% CI: 11.7-12.5%), with considerable difference between countries (min: 2.0% in Malta; max: 27.0% in Greece). Unrecorded alcohol use was much more prevalent among people with high-risk alcohol use in the past week (24.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 22.9-25.5%) compared to people with low- (6.5, 95% CI: 6.0-6.9%) or medium-risk alcohol intake in the past week (13.6%, 95% CI: 12.9-14.3%). Unrecorded alcohol accounted for 7% of per capita consumption in 2020.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first comparable assessment of unrecorded alcohol use across EU and affiliated countries. The findings add support to the observation that availability of unrecorded alcohol may contribute to risky drinking in Europe. The observed country variations may be related to differences in country-specific pricing policies and measures to reduce the production and consumption of unrecorded alcoholic beverages.

摘要

背景

本研究利用来自 33 个欧洲国家（包括所有欧盟成员国）的数据，旨在：1）估计过去一周饮酒者中未记录的酒精使用情况的流行率，2）描述未记录的酒精使用如何与饮酒模式相关联，以及 3）估计这些国家中未记录的酒精在每年总酒精消费量中的占比。

方法

对 2021 年过去一周饮酒且自我报告使用未记录酒精的 25728 名成年人进行了数据分析。使用世界卫生组织推荐的风险阈值和风险单次饮酒定义，对低、中、高风险饮酒者进行分类，估计了过去一周未记录的酒精使用情况的流行率。对各国特定的性别、年龄和地理人口分布进行了加权。计算了未记录饮酒量在总饮酒量中的调整加权比例，并与 2020 年记录的人均年度消费估计值进行了比较。

结果

在过去一周饮酒者中，过去一周未记录的酒精使用平均流行率为 12.1%（95%置信区间：11.7-12.5%），国家之间存在较大差异（最低：马耳他 2.0%；最高：希腊 27.0%）。与过去一周低风险（6.5%，95%置信区间：6.0-6.9%）或中风险（13.6%，95%置信区间：12.9-14.3%）饮酒者相比，过去一周高风险饮酒者的未记录酒精使用更为普遍（24.2%，95%置信区间：22.9-25.5%）。2020 年，未记录的酒精占人均消费的 7%。