Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China.
Environ Pollut. 2023 Jul 15;329:121709. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121709. Epub 2023 Apr 26.
The emission and gas-particle partitioning characteristics in various functional areas of production lines are still unknown. However, flame-retardant manufacturing activities are the primary emission source of flame retardants. Thus, fine particles and gases were investigated in three functional areas of a decabromodiphenyl ethane production line, i.e., polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs), dechlorane plus (DPs), and organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) in a flame-retardant manufacturing factory. High levels of PBDEs (8.02 × 10-4.16 × 10 pg/m), NBFRs (6.05 × 10-1.92 × 10 pg/m), and DPs (89.5-5.20 × 10 pg/m) were found in various functional areas, suggesting manufacturing activities were a primary emission source. In contrast, OPFRs were derived from long-range transport or other non-industrial sources. Varied concentrations of PBDEs, NBFRs, and DPs were observed in different production lines, higher in the reaction zone area than others. As the predominant compounds, decabromodiphenyl ether, decabromodiphenyl ethane, syn-DP, and tris(chloropropyl) phosphate accounted for 54.7%, 89.3%, 93.4%, and 34.7% of PBDEs, NBFRs, DPs, and OPFRs, respectively. Three models were used to predict the gas-particle partitioning of the halogenated flame retardants emitted from manufacturing activities. The Li-Jia Empirical Model predicted the gas-particle partitioning behavior well. This research shows that the adsorption-desorption process of the halogenated flame retardants between the gaseous and particulate phases did not reach equilibrium.
各生产线功能区的排放特征和气-粒分配特征尚不清楚。然而，阻燃制造活动是阻燃剂的主要排放源。因此，在阻燃制造工厂的十溴二苯乙烷生产线上的三个功能区，即多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）、新型溴化阻燃剂（NBFRs）、氯化十溴二苯醚（DPs）和有机磷阻燃剂（OPFRs）中，对颗粒物和气态污染物进行了研究。在各个功能区都发现了高水平的 PBDEs（8.02×10-4-1.60×10-3pg/m3）、NBFRs（6.05×10-1-1.92×10-1pg/m3）和 DPs（89.5-5.20×10-1pg/m3），表明制造活动是主要的排放源。相比之下，OPFRs 则来源于长距离传输或其他非工业来源。不同生产线的 PBDEs、NBFRs 和 DPs 浓度存在差异，反应区的浓度高于其他区域。作为主要化合物，十溴二苯醚、十溴二苯乙烷、顺式-DP 和磷酸三（氯丙基）酯分别占 PBDEs、NBFRs、DPs 和 OPFRs 的 54.7%、89.3%、93.4%和 34.7%。使用三种模型预测了制造活动排放的卤代阻燃剂的气-粒分配。Li-Jia 经验模型很好地预测了气-粒分配行为。这项研究表明，卤代阻燃剂在气相和颗粒物相之间的吸附-解吸过程尚未达到平衡。
