CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
J Integr Plant Biol. 2023 Sep;65(9):2138-2156. doi: 10.1111/jipb.13499. Epub 2023 Jun 23.
The genus Corydalis, with ca. 530 species, has long been considered taxonomically challenging because of its great variability. Previous molecular analyses, based on a few molecular markers and incomplete taxonomic sampling, were clearly inadequate to delimit sections and subgenera. We have performed phylogenetic analyses of Corydalis and related taxa, using 65 shared protein-coding plastid genes from 313 accessions (including 280 samples of ca. 226 species of Corydalis) and 152 universal low-copy nuclear genes from 296 accessions (including 271 samples of Corydalis) covering all 42 previously recognized sections and five independent "series". Phylogenetic trees were inferred using Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood. Eight selected morphological characters were estimated using ancestral state reconstructions. Results include: (i) of the three subgenera of Corydalis, two are fully supported by both the plastid and nuclear data; the third, subg. Cremnocapnos, is weakly supported by plastid DNA only, whereas in the nuclear data the two included sections form successive outgroups to the rest of the genus; (ii) among all 42 sections and five "series", 25 sections and one "series" are resolved as monophyletic in both data sets; (iii) the common ancestor of Corydalis is likely to be a perennial plant with a taproot, yellow flowers with a short saccate spur, linear fruits with recurved fruiting pedicels, and seeds with elaiosomes; (iv) we provide a new classification of Corydalis with four subgenera (of which subg. Bipapillatae is here newly described), 39 sections, 16 of which are consistent with the previous classification, 16 sections have been recircumscribed, one section has been reinstated and six new sections are established. Characters associated with lifespan, underground structures, floral spur, fruit and elaiosomes are important for the recognition of subgenera and sections. These new phylogenetic analyses combined with ancestral character reconstructions uncovered previously unrecognized relationships, and greatly improved our understanding of the evolution of the genus.
紫堇属，约有 530 种，由于其高度的变异性，长期以来一直被认为是分类学上具有挑战性的属。以前的分子分析基于少数分子标记和不完全的分类采样，显然不足以划定节和亚属。我们使用来自 313 个样本（包括 280 个约 226 种紫堇属植物的样本）的 65 个共享质体蛋白编码基因和来自 296 个样本（包括 271 个紫堇属植物的样本）的 152 个通用低拷贝核基因，对紫堇属和相关类群进行了系统发育分析。这涵盖了所有 42 个先前公认的节和五个独立的“系列”。使用贝叶斯推断和最大似然法推断系统发育树。使用祖先状态重建法估计了 8 个选定的形态特征。结果包括：（i）紫堇属的三个亚属中，有两个完全得到质体和核数据的支持；第三个亚属 Cremnocapnos 仅得到质体 DNA 的弱支持，而在核数据中，两个包含的节形成了属内其余部分的连续外群；（ii）在所有 42 个节和五个“系列”中，有 25 个节和一个“系列”在两个数据集都被解析为单系；（iii）紫堇属的共同祖先可能是一个具有主根的多年生植物，具有黄色的花，短的囊状距，线性的果实和弯曲的果梗，以及具有油质体的种子；（iv）我们提供了一个新的紫堇属分类，包括四个亚属（其中亚属 Bipapillatae 是新描述的），39 个节，其中 16 个与以前的分类一致，16 个节被重新定义，一个节被恢复，六个新的节被建立。与寿命、地下结构、花距、果实和油质体相关的特征对亚属和节的识别很重要。这些新的系统发育分析结合祖先特征重建揭示了以前未被识别的关系，大大提高了我们对该属进化的理解。
