Ren Fengming, Wang Liqiang, Li Ying, Zhuo Wei, Xu Zhichao, Guo Haojie, Liu Yan, Gao Ranran, Song Jingyuan
Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China Beijing China.
Medicinal Biological Technology Research Center Chongqing Institute of Medicinal Plant Cultivation Bio-Resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory Sichuan and Chongqing Chongqing China.
Ecol Evol. 2021 Mar 19;11(9):4158-4171. doi: 10.1002/ece3.7312. eCollection 2021 May.
The increasingly wide application of chloroplast (cp) genome super-barcode in taxonomy and the recent breakthrough in cp genetic engineering make the development of new cp gene resources urgent and significant. is recognized as the most genotypes complicated and taxonomically challenging plant taxa in Papaveraceae. However, there currently are few reports about cp genomes of the genus . In this study, we sequenced four complete cp genomes of two endangered lithophytes and in , conducted a comparison of these cp genomes among each other as well as with others of Papaveraceae. The cp genomes have a large genome size of 189,029-190,247 bp, possessing a quadripartite structure and with two highly expanded inverted repeat (IR) regions (length: 41,955-42,350 bp). Comparison between the cp genomes of , , and Papaveraceae species, five NADH dehydrogenase-like genes (F, D, L, G, and E) with C, 32, A, and L-UAG normally located in the SSC region have migrated to IRs, resulting in IR expansion and gene duplication. An up to 9 kb inversion involving five genes (23, 2, 15, I-CAU, and L-CAA) was found within IR regions. The D gene was found to be absent and the gene has shifted from the IR/SSC border to the SSC region as a single copy. Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences of common CDS showed that the genus is quite distantly related to the other genera of Papaveraceae, it provided a new clue for recent advocacy to establish a separate Fumariaceae family. Our results revealed one special cp genome structure in Papaveraceae, provided a useful resources for classification of the genus , and will be valuable for understanding Papaveraceae evolutionary relationships.
叶绿体（cp）基因组超级条形码在分类学中的应用日益广泛，以及cp基因工程最近取得的突破，使得开发新的cp基因资源变得紧迫且意义重大。罂粟科被认为是植物分类中基因型最为复杂、分类学挑战最大的植物类群。然而，目前关于该属cp基因组的报道较少。在本研究中，我们对罂粟科中两种濒危石生植物和的四个完整cp基因组进行了测序，并将这些cp基因组相互之间以及与罂粟科其他植物的cp基因组进行了比较。这些cp基因组的基因组大小较大，为189,029 - 190,247 bp，具有四分体结构，有两个高度扩展的反向重复（IR）区域（长度：41,955 - 42,350 bp）。在、和罂粟科物种的cp基因组之间的比较中，通常位于SSC区域的五个类似NADH脱氢酶的基因（F、D、L、G和E），连同C、32、A和L - UAG，已经迁移到IR区域，导致IR扩展和基因重复。在IR区域内发现了一个长达9 kb的涉及五个基因（23、2、15、I - CAU和L - CAA）的倒位。发现D基因缺失，并且基因已从IR/SSC边界转移到SSC区域成为单拷贝。基于常见CDS序列的系统发育分析表明，该属与罂粟科的其他属关系相当疏远，这为最近主张建立一个单独的紫堇科提供了新线索。我们的结果揭示了罂粟科中一种特殊的cp基因组结构，为该属的分类提供了有用资源，并将有助于理解罂粟科的进化关系。
