Accelerating the Discovery of Metastable IrO for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction by the Self-Learning-Input Graph Neural Network.

The discovery of active and stable catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is vital to improve water electrolysis. To date, rutile iridium dioxide IrO is the only known OER catalyst in the acidic solution, while its poor activity restricts its practical viability. Herein, we propose a universal graph neural network, namely, CrystalGNN, and introduce a dynamic embedding layer to self-update atomic inputs during the training process. Based on this framework, we train a model to accurately predict the formation energies of 10,500 IrO configurations and discover 8 unreported metastable phases, among which 2/-IrO and 62-IrO are identified as excellent electrocatalysts to reach the theoretical OER overpotential limit at their most stable surfaces. Our self-learning-input CrystalGNN framework exhibits reliable accuracy, generalization, and transferring ability and successfully accelerates the bottom-up catalyst design of novel metastable IrO to boost the OER activity.