Oxford Sustainable Finance Group, Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Research Department, D-Waste, Athens, Greece.
Waste Manag Res. 2023 Sep;41(9):1420-1434. doi: 10.1177/0734242X231160099. Epub 2023 Apr 26.
This review provides the history and current paradigms of waste management (WM) practices in developing nations during the last five decades. It explores the evolution of the challenges, complexities, and trends during this period. This paper, for the first time, presents an estimation of the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in developing nations in the last five decades based on the material flow analysis approach. Overall, the amount of MSW in developing countries has increased from about 0.64 billion Mt in 1970 to 2 billion Mt in 2019. This review demonstrates the importance of finding new WM approaches in developing nations in the context of formulating policies, strategies, and highlights the major trends that re-define WM in developing countries. It also aims to present the holistic changes in technology, economic and environmental feasibility aspects to attain an integrated sustainable WM system in developing countries. Specific focus on open-burning, open-dumping, informal recycling, food waste, plastic pollution, and waste collection with reference to Sustainable Development Goals are explained. Drivers for the way forward including circular economy are investigated.
这篇综述回顾了过去五十年发展中国家在废物管理（WM）实践方面的历史和现状。它探讨了在此期间面临的挑战、复杂性和趋势的演变。本文首次基于物质流分析方法，对过去五十年发展中国家产生的城市固体废物（MSW）量进行了估算。总体而言，发展中国家的 MSW 量已从 1970 年的约 6.4 亿吨增加到 2019 年的 20 亿吨。本综述表明，在制定政策、战略时，发展中国家需要寻找新的 WM 方法，突出了重新定义发展中国家 WM 的主要趋势。它还旨在展示技术、经济和环境可行性方面的整体变化，以实现发展中国家综合可持续的 WM 系统。特别关注与可持续发展目标相关的露天焚烧、露天倾倒、非正式回收、食物垃圾、塑料污染和垃圾收集。探讨了包括循环经济在内的前进动力。
