Doctor of Preventive Medicine Program, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Doctor of General Medicine Program, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Int J Cancer. 2023 Aug 1;153(3):524-538. doi: 10.1002/ijc.34549. Epub 2023 May 2.
Identifying modifiable risk factors that contribute to cancer is essential in setting up preventive strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the number and proportion of cancer cases and deaths attributable to five behavior-related risk factors-tobacco smoking, second-hand smoking, alcohol consumption, high body mass index and insufficient physical activity in Vietnam in 2020. Population attributable fractions were calculated for relationships of risk factors and cancer types based on sufficient evidence according to IARC or strong evidence according to WCRF/AICR. Relative risks were retrieved from meta-analyses where possible. Prevalence of risk factors was obtained from the most current available nationally representative population surveys in Vietnam. Cancer cases and deaths were obtained from GLOBOCAN 2020. An estimated 40.5% of all cancer cases in men (39 924 cases) and 7.8% in women (6542 cases) were attributable to these risk factors. The proportions of cancer deaths attributable to these risk factors were 44.0% in men (32 807 cases) and 8.9% in women (4235 cases). Tobacco smoking was the leading cause of cancer cases and deaths in men, followed by alcohol consumption and high BMI. In women, high BMI accounted for the highest proportion of cancer cases and second-hand smoking accounted for the highest proportion of cancer deaths. Lung and upper aerodigestive tract cancer cases and deaths could have been reduced at least by half if these risk factors had been eliminated. To reduce cancer incidence and mortality, preventive actions focusing on tobacco control are likely to have the most significant impact, especially in men.
确定导致癌症的可改变风险因素对于制定预防策略至关重要。因此，本研究旨在估计 2020 年越南五种与行为相关的风险因素（吸烟、二手烟、饮酒、高身体质量指数和身体活动不足）导致的癌症发病和死亡人数及比例。根据 IARC 的充分证据或 WCRF/AICR 的有力证据，计算了风险因素与癌症类型之间关系的人群归因分数。在可能的情况下，从荟萃分析中检索相对风险。从越南最新的全国代表性人群调查中获得风险因素的流行率。癌症病例和死亡数据来自 GLOBOCAN 2020。估计 40.5%的男性（39924 例）和 7.8%的女性（6542 例）癌症病例归因于这些风险因素。这些风险因素导致的男性癌症死亡比例为 44.0%（32807 例），女性为 8.9%（4235 例）。在男性中，吸烟是癌症发病和死亡的主要原因，其次是饮酒和高 BMI。在女性中，高 BMI 占癌症发病比例最高，二手烟占癌症死亡比例最高。如果消除这些风险因素，肺癌和上呼吸道癌症病例和死亡人数至少可以减少一半。为了降低癌症发病率和死亡率，针对烟草控制的预防措施可能会产生最重大的影响，尤其是在男性中。
