Pak J Biol Sci. 2023 Jan;26(1):15-22. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2023.15.22.
The DNA is constantly under attack from endogenous and exogenous damaging agents. The damaged DNA must be repaired quickly to avoid genomic instability and to prevent the occurrence of a malignant transformation. Once a lesion is detected, the DNA repair mechanism initiates and replaces the structurally altered base or any other abnormality. The cell repair mechanisms include direct reversal, excision repair (base excision repair [BER] and nucleotide excision repair [NER]), mismatch repair (MMR), homologous recombination repair (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Unrepaired DNA could lead to mutation, cell death or cancer. This review will discuss how the defects in DNA repair play a vital role in cancer initiation, development and progression.
DNA 不断受到内源性和外源性损伤因素的攻击。受损的 DNA 必须迅速修复，以避免基因组不稳定和防止恶性转化的发生。一旦检测到损伤，DNA 修复机制就会启动，并替换结构改变的碱基或任何其他异常。细胞修复机制包括直接逆转、切除修复（碱基切除修复 [BER] 和核苷酸切除修复 [NER]）、错配修复（MMR）、同源重组修复（HR）和非同源末端连接（NHEJ）。未修复的 DNA 可能导致突变、细胞死亡或癌症。本文将讨论 DNA 修复缺陷如何在癌症的发生、发展和进展中发挥重要作用。
